Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of making behavior of the battery calm at a time of battery abnormality to secure safety is provided. In a lithium-ion secondary battery 20, an electrode group 6 is accommodated in a cylindrical battery container 7 having a bottom. A positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are wound via separators W5 to form the electrode group 6. The positive electrode plate has an aluminum foil W1 as a positive electrode collector. A positive electrode mixture including a lithium transition metal complex oxide as a positive electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the aluminum foil W1 to form a positive electrode mixture layer W2. A flame retardant layer W6 containing a flame retardant is formed at a surface of the positive electrode mixture layer W2. The negative electrode plate has a rolled copper foil W3 as a negative electrode collector.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery capable of maintaining for a long time fire resistance of a nonaqueous electrolytic solution at a time of battery abnormality to secure safety is provided. In the lithium ion battery, two kinds of organic solvent, EC and DEC, are used for mixed organic solvent which forms the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and liquid flame retardant formed by phosphazene A having a boiling point closely to that of EC and phosphazene B having a boiling point closely to that of DEC is added to the electrolytic solution. At battery abnormality, when the battery temperature goes up due to internal short circuit of positive and negative electrodes caused by melting of separators to decompose each of EC and DEC, the phosphazene A and B, each having the boiling point closely to that of EC and DEC, decompose timely to function, thereby fire resistance of the electrolytic solution can be maintained for a long time to secure safety of the battery at the time of battery abnormality.

Abstract: A manganese non-aqueous electrolyte battery having safety at a time of battery abnormality and having a long life span is provided. A battery 20 has a cylindrical container 7 having a bottom. An electrode group 6 where a positive electrode plate that a spinel-related lithium manganese complex oxide is used as a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode plate that a carbon material is used as a negative electrode active material are wound via separators W5, is accommodated in the container 7. The electrode group 6 is infiltrated by an electrolytic solution in which LiBF4 is added as an electrolyte to organic solvent. Further, a phosphazene flame retardant is added at 10 wt % to the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution hardly catches fire at a time of battery abnormality and manganese elution can be prevented.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing polarized glass, comprising forming a glass preform by melting glass that includes metal ions and halogen ions and then depositing metal halide particles in the glass in which the metal ions and the halogen ions are dispersed; forming a glass sheet containing extended metal halide particles that are obtained by extending the metal halide particles by performing thermal drawing on the glass preform at a prescribed temperature; annealing by heating the glass sheet to a temperature that is no greater than a transformation temperature of the glass and no less than a distortion temperature of the glass; and reducing the extended metal halide particles in the glass sheet that has undergone said annealing into extended metal particles. The glass preform formed in said forming a glass preform has a haze between 0.3% and 1.3% with respect to light in a wavelength region passed by a G filter.

Abstract: There is provided polarizing glass having a high extinction ratio in a broad band. A manufacturing method of the polarizing glass containing elongated metal particles dispersed and oriented within glass includes an elongation step of forming mother glass after heat-treatment into a preform, of heating the preform at such temperature that the viscosity of the glass becomes about 1×108 to 1×1014 poise, of applying stress of about 200 kg/cm2 to 500 kg/cm2 to the preform while moving the preform within an electric furnace with feeding speed of 10 mm/min. or less and of elongating the preform as an elongated sheet with pulling speed of 150 mm/min.

Abstract: In order to be able to obtain polarizing glass having favorable polarization characteristics in the visible light region, there is provided polarizing glass which is obtained by dispersing and orienting metal particles having anisotropy in shape within base glass and which exhibits dichroism, wherein the base glass is transparent glass whose absorption edge of incident light is 350 nm or less when wavelength is converted into a variable, a real number part of dielectric constant of the metal is minus or crosses over 0 with energy higher than 3.5 eV when the energy is converted into a variable and reflectivity of the metal is 80% or more in the visible light region.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing the polarizing glass article including elongated metal particles dispersed and oriented therein comprise; a preparing process in which a mother glass including metal ions is prepared; a reducing process in which the mother glass is heated at the lower temperature than the glass transition point temperature to be reduced at least a part of the metal ions for enough time to turn the metal ions into metal particles; a precipitating process in which the mother glass after the reducing process is heated at the higher temperature than the glass transition point temperature so that metal particles are precipitated; and an elongating process in which the mother glass after the precipitating process is heated and elongated.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of polarizing glass through which residual strain within a heated and elongated glass sheet is steadily removed. The manufacturing method of polarizing glass includes steps of precipitating metal halide dispersed within glass into a predetermined particle size to form glass preform after melting the glass containing the metal halide, elongating the glass preform after heating up to predetermined temperature to form a glass sheet containing metal halide particles, annealing the glass sheet by heating up to temperature below transition temperature and above straining temperature of the glass, polishing the glass sheet annealed through the annealing step and reducing the metal halide particles within the glass sheet polished through the polishing step.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of polarizing glass in which a time required for a reducing step is shortened. The manufacturing method of polarizing glass includes steps of precipitating metal halide dispersed within glass into a predetermined particle size to form glass preform after melting the glass containing the metal halide, elongating the glass preform after heating up to predetermined temperature to form a glass sheet and reducing the metal halide particles within the glass sheet at temperature higher than melting point of the metal halide.

Abstract: High-efficient polarizing glasses which are used in a pair for isolators. The polarizing glass which includes elongated metal particles oriented uniquely and distributed therein is provided. When extinction ratio is measured at several points in the polarizing glass without rotating the polarizing glass, the extinction ratio is 50 dB or more, and the distribution of the extinction ratio is 5 dB or less.

Abstract: There is provided polarizing glass having a high extinction ratio in a broad band. A manufacturing method of the polarizing glass containing elongated metal particles dispersed and oriented within glass includes an elongation step of forming mother glass after heat-treatment into a preform, of heating the preform at such temperature that the viscosity of the glass becomes about 1×108 to 1×1014 poise, of applying stress of about 200 kg/cm2 to 500 kg/cm2 to the preform while moving the preform within an electric furnace with feeding speed of 10 mm/min. or less and of elongating the preform as an elongated sheet with pulling speed of 150 mm/min.

Abstract: The method for producing the polarizing glasses which have elongated metal particles oriented uniformly and dispersed, includes a glass base material preparing process in which the metal halide particles are precipitated in the strip of the glass base material; a elongating process in which the glass base material is heated by heaters set around the glass base material, and elongated by a drawing means set outside of the heaters along the longitudinal direction of the glass base material; and a reducing process in which the metal halide particles included in the elongated glass which is elongated in the elongating process are reduced. In the elongating process, the powers of the heaters are controlled so that the glass base material shrinks the outlines of the elongated part of the glass base material tilting by the tilt angle between 5 degrees and 20 degrees to the longitudinal direction of the glass base material.

Abstract: A cathode material made of anhydrous ferric sulfate with a hexagonal crystal structure is presented for use in a secondary battery which generates a stable open-circuit-voltage of about 3.6 volts and offers a recharge cycling capacity of over 100 times. The cathode material is obtained by heating hydrous iron sulfate material in a temperature range between 250.degree. and 600.degree. C. to remove the water of crystallization. The secondary battery made with this cathode material provides a long-service life and a stable output voltage economically, because the starting material, iron sulfate, is abundantly available at relatively low cost.