Abstract: The present invention provides an illuminating device including a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a line, the illuminating device illuminates an irradiation target by irradiating the irradiation target with light that is emitted from the light-emitting elements via a first and a second optical paths. In the illuminating device, a light diffusing portion for diffusing light is provided in one of the first optical path and the second optical path, and an irradiation light amount of said one of the first optical path and the second optical path in which the light diffusing portion is provided is larger than an irradiation light amount of the other optical path.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a reading glass, a second guide member, and a control section. The reading glass and the second guide member together form a document feed path. The second guide member includes a white reference plate. The control section performs, when it is determined that shading correction image data is affected by a stain, a stain location determination of whether the stain is attached to the reading glass or the second guide member according to a tone value variation in the portion of the shading correction image data that corresponds to the stain edge, the variation being along a predetermined distance in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus of the present invention includes a photoelectric transducer that performs reading scanning along a main scanning line and reads an original, the image reading apparatus obtaining a white shading level of pixels based on an output level of the photoelectric transducer obtained when a reference white is read, obtaining a black shading level of the pixels based on an output level of the photoelectric transducer obtained when a black reference is read or obtained in a dark condition, and correcting the output level of the photoelectric transducer obtained when an original image is read with the use of the white shading level and the black shading level, and the image reading apparatus further comprising a correction unit that obtains a variation amount of the white shading level between a pixel and other pixels in the vicinity of that pixel for each of pixels on the main scanning line, determines whether the variation amount exceeds a pre-set threshold value, and when the correction un

Abstract: In one embodiment of a semiconductor apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of light-emitting elements provided with a light-emitting face are disposed at intervals in a line on a surface of a substrate, and serve as a light source apparatus that emits irradiating light forward from the light-emitting face along the surface of the substrate, and on a forward side of the light-emitting face in the surface of the substrate, a light reflection suppression area is formed extending forward with a width less than the width of the light-emitting face from a lower edge of the light-emitting face.

Abstract: There is provided di-substituted iminoheterocyclic compounds of the following formula (I): in which, A is optionally substituted alkyl group, optionally substituted aryl group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group; X is oxygen atom, sulfur atom, carbon atom or nitrogen atom; the group —X—Y— represents optionally substituted alkylene or cyclic alkenylene bond; and B1 and B2 are, hydrogen atom, optionally substituted alkyl group, optionally substituted aryl group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group, independent from each other, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have good affinity for ?4?2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and activate the same to thereby exert a preventive or therapeutic effect on cerebral dysfunction.

Abstract: There is provided heterocyclic compounds of the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: There is provided cyclic amidine compounds of the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: There is provided di-substituted iminoheterocyclic compounds of the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: There is provided heterocyclic compounds of the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: A method for producing an optically active trans-vinylsulfide alcohol having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group, comprising the step of reducing a trans-vinylsulfide ketone with a borane reducing agent in the presence of an optically active oxazaborolidine and an additive.

Abstract: A simple and industrially viable process for preparing a 1-substituted pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid derivative of formula (I) is provided. The process comprises reacting a compound of formula (II), a compound of formula (III), and an acid anhydride according to the following reaction, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 individually represent an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group.