Abstract: In an electrochemical device of an embodiment, a cell stack has a spacer disposed to be arranged next to an insulating sealing member in a direction orthogonal to a stack direction. A plurality of the spacers are arranged in the stack direction between a pair of end plates, and the spacer is interposed between a pair of separators adjacently arranged in the stack direction. The spacer is formed of a material whose thickness reduction ratio when an operation of the electrochemical device is executed is smaller than that of the insulating sealing member. Before the execution of the operation of the electrochemical device, the thickness of the spacer is thinner than the thickness of the insulating sealing member. Further, the thickness of the spacer keeps a state of being equal to or less than the thickness of the insulating sealing member when the operation of the electrochemical device is executed.

Abstract: An interconnector for a solid oxide electrochemical cell stack of at least one embodiment includes a metal base that contains an iron-base alloy containing chromium, a protective film provided on a surface of the metal base, and an interlayer provided between the metal base and the protective film arranged to relieve stress.

Abstract: An optimal path search system, which optimizes a travel path of a moving object, comprising: a path information database; and a path search unit that searches for an optimal path that exhibits a minimum travel cost borne by the moving object, from among travel paths of the moving object, wherein: the path search unit is configured to: determine destination points on the path network; search for at least one nearest node to each of destination points, search for a second travel path along which the moving object travels by passing through the at least one nearest node and all of the at least one destination point, determine the second travel path for which a travel cost is minimum; and search for the travel paths followed by using each of a plurality of moving means, respectively, in a case where the moving object travels along the optimal path.

Abstract: An optimal path search system, which optimizes a travel path of a moving object, comprising: a path information database; and a path search unit that searches for an optimal path that exhibits a minimum travel cost borne by the moving object, from among travel paths of the moving object, wherein: the path search unit is configured to: determine destination points on the path network; search for at least one nearest node to each of destination points, search for a second travel path along which the moving object travels by passing through the at least one nearest node and all of the at least one destination point, determine the second travel path for which a travel cost is minimum; and search for the travel paths followed by using each of a plurality of moving means, respectively, in a case where the moving object travels along the optimal path.

Abstract: In a starter includes a motor provided with a motor contact for controlling electric power supply to an armature arranged inside a motor housing; a gear cover section, which is mounted on the motor, having a flange section formed on the outer circumference thereof; a switch terminal located on the outside of the gear cover section; and a magnet switch connected to the switch terminal. The switch terminal is installed in the vicinity of the flange section and in a region within the range of projection of the flange section . In the flange section, there are provided a rib and a motor terminal mounting section, and the switch terminal is arranged in a switch terminal containing section formed between the rib, the sidewall of the motor terminal mounting section and the flange section.

Abstract: In a starter comprising: a motor 11 provided with a motor contact for controlling electric power supply to an armature arranged inside a motor housing 21; a gear cover section 24, which is mounted on the motor 11, having a flange section 24a formed on the outer circumference thereof; a switch terminal 89 located on the outside of the gear cover section 24; and a magnet switch connected to the switch terminal 89, the switch terminal 89 is installed in the vicinity of the flange section 24a and in a region within the range of projection of the flange section 24a. In the flange section 24a, there are provided a rib 24c and a motor terminal mounting section 92, and the switch terminal 89 is arranged in a switch terminal containing section 94 formed between the rib 24c, the sidewall 93 of the motor terminal mounting section 92 and the flange section 24a.

Abstract: A decorative lighting equipment includes a shade that is transparent or translucent and formed into a tube with opposite ends, a light source for emitting a directional light flux, the light source being placed at one end of the opposite ends of the shade so that the directional light flux is transmitted within the shade toward another end of the shade, and the shade forming thereon hairlines which extend in a direction crossing the direction along which the directional light flux emitted from the light source is transmitted.

Abstract: A decorative lighting equipment includes a shade that is transparent or translucent and formed into a tube with opposite ends, a light source for emitting a directional light flux, the light source being placed at one end of the opposite ends of the shade so that the directional light flux is transmitted within the shade toward another end of the shade, and the shade forming thereon hairlines which extend in a direction crossing the direction along which the directional light flux emitted from the light source is transmitted.

Abstract: A method for forming an interconnection pattern of Al on a structure, such as a semiconductor device, includes the step of introducing ions of a selected material, such as As, P, B and Ar, into a film of Al to be formed into an interconnection pattern prior to the step of heat treatment, thereby substantially preventing undesired results, such as hillocks, when the pattern is heat-treated.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a reprogrammable semiconductor memory device, such as EPROM, and its resulting structure is provided. A substrate has a main surface which is provided with grooves formed by etching. An oxide film is formed on the main surface and the side and bottom surfaces of each of the grooves. And, a first layer of doped polysilicon is formed on the oxide film, and the first layer of doped polysilicon is disconnected at the bottom of each of the grooves by selective removal thereof. A second layer of doped polysilicon is formed on the first layer of doped polysilicon with an inter-layer electrical insulator sandwiched therebetween. Thus, the first and second layers of polysilicon, together with the inter-layer insulator, define a stacked-gate electrode structure. A pair of source and drain regions is formed in the substrate one on each side of the stacked-gate electrode structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element comprising a photoconductive layer consisting essentially of a Bi-containing As.sub.2 Se.sub.3 layer on an electrically conductive substrate.