Abstract: A large current electron beam is stably emitted from an electron gun of a charged particle beam device. The electron gun of the charged particle beam device includes: a SE tip 202; a suppressor 303 disposed rearward of a distal end of the SE tip; a cup-shaped extraction electrode 204 including a bottom surface and a cylindrical portion and enclosing the SE tip and the suppressor; and an insulator 208 holding the suppressor and the extraction electrode. A shield electrode 301 of a conductive metal having a cylindrical portion 302 is provided between the suppressor and the cylindrical portion of the extraction electrode. A voltage lower than a voltage of the SE tip is applied to the shield electrode.

Abstract: A glass substrate for use as a magnetic disk for heat assisted magnetic recording can restrain the occurrence of scratches when a magnetic head is in operation. The glass substrate for the magnetic disk includes a principal face on which an arithmetic average waviness Wa of a wavelength band of 1 to 3 mm is 2.15 ? or less.

Abstract: It is to provide a glass substrate for a magnetic disk to be a source of a magnetic disk for heat assisted magnetic recording and a magnetic disk for heat assisted magnetic recording which can restrain the occurrence of scratches when a magnetic head is in operation. A glass substrate for a magnetic disk to be a source of a magnetic disk for heat assisted magnetic recording includes a principal face on which an arithmetic average waviness Wa of a wavelength band of 1 to 3 mm is 2.15 ? or less.

Abstract: When mirror polishing is performed on a glass substrate by bringing a polishing pad into contact with the surface of the glass substrate while supplying a polishing liquid containing polishing grains to the substrate surface, the pH of the polishing liquid is maintained within a certain range or the agglomeration degree or dispersion degree of the polishing liquid is controlled. Consequently, an adequate mirror polishing rate can be maintained and there can be obtained a glass substrate having a good end shape.

Abstract: When mirror polishing is performed on a glass substrate by bringing a polishing pad into contact with the surface of the glass substrate while supplying a polishing liquid containing polishing grains to the substrate surface, the pH of the polishing liquid is maintained within a certain range or the agglomeration degree or dispersion degree of the polishing liquid is controlled. Consequently, an adequate mirror polishing rate can be maintained and there can be obtained a glass substrate having a good end shape.

Abstract: When mirror polishing is performed on a glass substrate by bringing a polishing pad into contact with the surface of the glass substrate while supplying a polishing liquid containing polishing grains to the substrate surface, the pH of the polishing liquid is maintained within a certain range or the agglomeration degree or dispersion degree of the polishing liquid is controlled. Consequently, an adequate mirror polishing rate can be maintained and there can be obtained a glass substrate having a good end shape.

Abstract: A flame detector is provided. A circuit board is disposed in a housing. A first light source emits first light. A light guide member comprised of translucent material guides the first light from the first light source to a light emission portion of the light guide member. A first light receiving element detects second light having a predetermined wavelength unique to the flames. A second light source emits third light to a translucent cover which is disposed between an opening of the housing and the first light receiving element. A second light receiving element detects the third light passed through the translucent cover to test the translucency. The first light source, the second light source and the second light receiving element are mounted on the circuit board. The light emission portion is formed into a substantially annular shape which encloses the first light receiving element at a front side of the housing to limit a field of view of the first light receiving element to a predetermined range.

Abstract: Background images are removed and only desired payment information is extracted from a grayscale image of a check or similar financial instrument. A density distribution improvement process applied to grayscale raw image data 40 acquired by scanning a check corrects the density distribution of the raw image data 40 to separate the density range of the desired payment information from the density range of the background image. A threshold level 44 for clearly separating the payment information from the background image is then calculated from the characteristics of the density distribution of the grayscale improved image data 42 acquired by the density distribution improvement process. Histograms of the density distributions are used to determine the characteristics of the density distribution. The improved image data 42 is then converted to binary image data 46 using the threshold level 44.

Abstract: A device control system, a device control method, and a device control program for rendering a trace function as a function added to a service object that provides the software application with an interface to a particular device based on the Microsoft .NET Framework. The device control system has a service object, a service object for tracing, and renders a trace function in a service object that provides a device interface to a software application based on the .NET Framework. The trace function can be rendered in the service object based on whether the trace function is disabled or enabled without modifying the software application.

Abstract: Column misalignment between a magnetically-recognized character string and an optically-recognized character string is corrected to improve character recognition reliability. A character string is read magnetically and the result outputted. The same character string is also read optically and the result outputted. A magnetic data reading unit detects the magnetism of a character string printed in magnetic ink and outputs the detected magnetic data. A recognition result comparing unit then applies a column offset detection process to detect misalignment between the character columns in the magnetic and optical results, then applies a column offset correction process to correct any column offset and align corresponding character columns. The comparing unit then compares corresponding character columns in the magnetic data recognition result and image data recognition result.

Abstract: Background images are removed and only desired payment information is extracted from a grayscale image of a check or similar financial instrument. A density distribution improvement process applied to grayscale raw image data 40 acquired by scanning a check corrects the density distribution of the raw image data 40 to separate the density range of the desired payment information from the density range of the background image. A threshold level 44 for clearly separating the payment information from the background image is then calculated from the characteristics of the density distribution of the grayscale improved image data 42 acquired by the density distribution improvement process. Histograms of the density distributions are used to determine the characteristics of the density distribution. The improved image data 42 is then converted to binary image data 46 using the threshold level 44.

Abstract: Background images are removed and only desired payment information is extracted from a grayscale image of a check or similar financial instrument. A density distribution improvement process applied to grayscale raw image data 40 acquired by scanning a check corrects the density distribution of the raw image data 40 to separate the density range of the desired payment information from the density range of the background image. A threshold level 44 for clearly separating the payment information from the background image is then calculated from the characteristics of the density distribution of the grayscale improved image data 42 acquired by the density distribution improvement process. Histograms of the density distributions are used to determine the characteristics of the density distribution. The improved image data 42 is then converted to binary image data 46 using the threshold level 44.

Abstract: Column misalignment between a magnetically-recognized character string and an optically-recognized character string is corrected to improve character recognition reliability. A character string is read magnetically and the result outputted. The same character string is also read optically and the result outputted. A magnetic data reading unit detects the magnetism of a character string printed in magnetic ink and outputs the detected magnetic data. A recognition result comparing unit then applies a column offset detection process to detect misalignment between the character columns in the magnetic and optical results, then applies a column offset correction process to correct any column offset and align corresponding character columns. The comparing unit then compares corresponding character columns in the magnetic data recognition result and image data recognition result.

Abstract: A flame detector is provided. A circuit board is disposed in a housing. A first light source emits first light. A light guide member comprised of translucent material guides the first light from the first light source to a light emission portion of the light guide member. A first light receiving element detects second light having a predetermined wavelength unique to the flames. A second light source emits third light to a translucent cover which is disposed between an opening of the housing and the first light receiving element. A second light receiving element detects the third light passed through the translucent cover to test the translucency. The first light source, the second light source and the second light receiving element are mounted on the circuit board. The light emission portion is formed into a substantially annular shape which encloses the first light receiving element at a front side of the housing to limit a field of view of the first light receiving element to a predetermined range.

Abstract: Column misalignment between a character string recognized by a MICR and a character string recognized by optical character recognition is corrected to improve character recognition reliability. A magnetic data reading unit detects the magnetism of a character string printed in magnetic ink and outputs the detected magnetic data. An image reading unit optically reads the same character string printed in magnetic ink and outputs the image data. A magnetic data recognition unit applies a character recognition process to the magnetic data output by the magnetic data reading unit and outputs magnetic data recognition result. An image data recognition unit applies character recognition to the image data output by the image reading unit and outputs image data recognition result.

Abstract: When mirror polishing is performed on a glass substrate by bringing a polishing pad into contact with the surface of the glass substrate while supplying a polishing liquid containing polishing grains to the substrate surface, the pH of the polishing liquid is maintained within a certain range or the agglomeration degree or dispersion degree of the polishing liquid is controlled. Consequently, an adequate mirror polishing rate can be maintained and there can be obtained a glass substrate having a good end shape.

Abstract: A device status monitoring system and method for a POS (point of sale) terminal system, in which an OPOS (OLE for Retail POS) object continuously records changes in device status to a file. A control system (OPOS object) includes a first object (control object) providing an interface for a device class to an application program, and a second object (service object) providing an interface for a specific device to the first object.

Abstract: A device control system, a device control method, and a device control program for rendering a trace function as a function added to a service object that provides the software application with an interface to a particular device based on the Microsoft .NET Framework. The device control system has a service object, a service object for tracing, and renders a trace function in a service object that provides a device interface to a software application based on the .NET Framework. The trace function can be rendered in the service object based on whether the trace function is disabled or enabled without modifying the software application.

Abstract: Background images are removed and only the desired payment information is extracted from a grayscale image of a check or similar financial instrument. A density distribution improvement process applied to grayscale raw image data 40 acquired by scanning a check corrects the density distribution of the raw image data 40 to separate the density range of the desired payment information from the density range of the background image. Image sharpening or contrast enhancement can be used as the density distribution improvement method. A threshold level 44 for clearly separating the payment information from the background image is then calculated from the characteristics of the density distribution of the grayscale improved image data 42 acquired by the density distribution improvement process. Histograms of the density distributions are used to determine the characteristics of the density distribution. The improved image data 42 is then converted to binary image data 46 using the threshold level 44.

Abstract: Column misalignment between a character string recognized by a MICR and a character string recognized by optical character recognition is corrected to improve character recognition reliability. A magnetic data reading unit detects the magnetism of a character string printed in magnetic ink and outputs the detected magnetic data. An image reading unit optically reads the same character string printed in magnetic ink and outputs the image data. A magnetic data recognition unit applies a character recognition process to the magnetic data output by the magnetic data reading unit and outputs magnetic data recognition result. An image data recognition unit applies character recognition to the image data output by the image reading unit and outputs image data recognition result.