Abstract: A sample solution measuring device for detecting dissolved substances in a sample solution by measuring a potential difference between the sample solution and a reference solution, the sample solution measuring device, including: a sample solution container; a reference solution container; a substrate thin film is located between the sample solution container and the reference solution container and having a hole in which a bilayer lipid membrane is formed, where the sample solution and the reference solution come into contact with each other; a mechanism which forms the bilayer lipid membrane by ejecting a lipid solution; and, a mechanism which ejects a cleaning fluid to the substrate thin film.

Abstract: Water to be treated (feed water) flows through a series of desalination chambers filled with ion exchange resins on which impurity ions in the feed water are removed. Each desalination chamber consists of a cation-permeable membrane on one side with an anion-permeable membrane on the other side. The space between the two membranes is filled with the ion exchange resins and there are concentrate chambers on either side of the membranes. There is a cathode chamber or an anode chamber each located at either end of the assembly of alternating desalination and concentrate chambers. By circulating the concentrate water while adding acid to the concentrate water to maintain its acidity, scale deposition within the concentrating chambers and the electrode chamber is prevented so that deionizing capability of the entire assembly can be maintained.