Abstract: Provided is an additive for a chemical agent, which is capable of improving the functions of various chemical agents. The additive for a chemical agent according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a polymer (I) containing 50 mol % to 100 mol % of a structural unit derived from an N-vinyl lactam-based monomer with respect to 100 mol % of structural units derived from all monomers, the additive for a chemical agent having an average particle diameter of 100 ?m or less in a state of having been dried under a reduced pressure of 0.02 MPa or less at 100° C. for 1 hour.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: A two-component curing adhesive using a curing reaction between a polyisocyanate composition (X) and a polyol composition (Y), wherein the polyisocyanate composition (X) includes a polyisocyanate (A), the polyol composition (Y) includes a polyol (B) and a polyamine (C), the polyamine (C) includes a compound having two or more —NH2 groups in a molecule thereof, and the polyisocyanate composition. (X) and the polyol composition (Y) each have an elongational viscosity of 0.1 to 10 Pa·s.

Abstract: A two-component curing adhesive using a curing reaction between a polyisocyanate composition (X) and a polyol composition (Y), wherein the polyisocyanate composition (X) includes a polyisocyanate (A), the polyol composition (Y) includes a polyol (B), and the polyisocyanate composition. (X) and the polyol composition (Y) each have a Trouton ratio within a range of 4.0 to 8.0.

Abstract: A two-component curing adhesive using a curing reaction between a polyisocyanate composition (X) and a polyol composition (Y), wherein the polyisocyanate composition (X) includes a polyisocyanate (A), the polyol composition (Y) includes a polyol (B), and the polyisocyanate composition. (X) and the polyol composition (Y) each have an elongational viscosity of 0.1 to 10 Pa·s.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: A method of producing a sugar solution includes a pretreatment step of treating cellulosic biomass with a treatment agent containing ammonia to obtain an ammonia-treated product, an ammonia-treated sugar solution preparation step of enzymatically saccharifying the ammonia-treated product to obtain an ammonia-treated sugar solution, and a purified sugar solution preparation step of removing coumaramide and/or ferulamide in the ammonia-treated sugar solution by purification to obtain a purified sugar solution having a concentration of coumaramide and/or ferulamide of 10 to 1,100 ppm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition in which various characteristics of a liquid crystal display element such as a dielectric anisotropy, a viscosity, a nematic phase upper limit temperature, and ?1, and a burn-in characteristic of a display element are not deteriorated, dropping mark is unlikely to be generated during preparation, a compound represented by liquid crystal composition Formula (I) suitable for a liquid crystal display element in which a discharging amount of the liquid crystal material stable in an ODF step is realized is contained, and a compound represented by General Formula (II) is contained by equal to or more than 15%, and a liquid crystal display element using the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes one or more of compounds represented by general formula (i) below and one or more of compounds represented by general formula (ii) below. In the formulae, R11a and R21a each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms where one —CH2— or two or more non-adjacent —CH2— in the alkyl group may each independently be substituted with —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; X11a, X12a, X13a, X14a, and X21a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; A21a, A22a, and A23a each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group whose hydrogen atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

Abstract: This liquid crystal composition includes at least one compound represented by general formula (i), and at least one compound represented by general formula (ii) (in the formulae: Ri1, Ri2, and Rii1 each independently represent a C1-8 alkyl group; one or at least two non-adjacent-CH2— groups in these alkyl groups may each independently be substituted with —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; the hydrogen in these alkyl groups may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine; Xi1, Xi2, Xi3, Xi4, Xi11, and Xii2 each independently represent hydrogen or fluorine; and Aii1, Aii2, and Aii3 each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, or a 1,4-phenylene group which may have the hydrogen therein substituted with fluorine or chlorine).

Abstract: There is provided a composition containing a compound represented by General Formula (i) and a compound represented by General Formula (ii) (where Ri1, Rii1, and Rii2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; in the alkyl group, one —CH2— group or two or more —CH2— groups not adjoining each other are each independently optionally substituted with —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; mi1 represents 2; Ai1 represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group of which a hydrogen atom is optionally substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; multiple Ai1's may be the same as or different from each other; Zi1 represents a single bond, —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —CH2CH2—, —COO—, or —OCO—; multiple Zi1's may be the same as or different from each other; and Xi1 and Xii1 to Xii4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom).

Abstract: A composition contains one or more compounds represented by general formula (i) and one or more compounds represented by general formula (ii), where a content of the compounds represented by general formula (i) is 5% to 30% and a content of the compounds represented by general formula (ii) is 5% to 25%: (In the formulae, Ri1, Ri2, and Rii1 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms where one —CH2— or two or more non-adjacent —CH2— in the alkyl group may each independently be substituted with —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—, Xi1 to Xi6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and Xii1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom.).

Abstract: A composition containing a compound represented by general formula (i) and a compound represented by general formula (ii): in the formulas, each of Xi1 to Xi6 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and each of Xii1 to Xii4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition in which various characteristics of a liquid crystal display element such as a dielectric anisotropy, a viscosity, a nematic phase upper limit temperature, and ?1, and a burn-in characteristic of a display element are not deteriorated, dropping mark is unlikely to be generated during preparation, a compound represented by liquid crystal composition Formula (I) suitable for a liquid crystal display element in which a discharging amount of the liquid crystal material stable in an ODF step is realized is contained, and a compound represented by General Formula (II) is contained by equal to or more than 15%, and a liquid crystal display element using the same.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal composition suitable for use in a liquid crystal display element that suffers less from drop marks that occur during production without degrading ghosting properties of the display element and various properties of the liquid crystal display element, such as dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, nematic phase upper limit temperature, low-temperature nematic phase stability, and ?1, and with which a stable amount of a liquid crystal material can be discharged in an ODF process. A liquid crystal display element that uses the liquid crystal composition is also provided. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy and containing a compound represented by formula (I), one or more compounds represented by general formula (II-1), and one or more compounds represented by general formula (II-2). The present invention also relates to a liquid crystal display element that uses the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal composition having positive ??, a liquid crystal phase over a wide temperature range, low viscosity, good solubility at a low temperature, high resistivity and voltage holding ratio, and stability to heat and light. There is provided a liquid crystal composition containing at least one compound represented by general formula (i) below and at least one compound represented by general formula (ii) below.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes one or more of compounds represented by general formula (i) below and one or more of compounds represented by general formula (ii) below. In the formulae, R11a and R21a each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms where one —CH2— or two or more non-adjacent —CH2— in the alkyl group may each independently be substituted with —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; X11a, X12a, X13a, X14a, and X21a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; A21a, A22a, and A23a each independently represent a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group whose hydrogen atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

Abstract: A composition contains three or more compounds represented by general formula (i) below. (In the formula, Ri1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and one or nonadjacent two or more —CH2— in the alkyl group may be each independently substituted by —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, or —OCO—; mi1 represents 1 or 2; Ai1 represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group which may have a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom substituted for a hydrogen atom, when mi1 represents 1, Ai1 represents a 1,4-phenylene group which may have a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom substituted for a hydrogen atom, and when mi1 represents 2 and a plurality of Ai1 are present, Ai1 may be the same or different, and Xi1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal composition comprising: at least one kind of a compound represented by the following formula (i); and at least one kind of a compound represented by the following formula (ii). In the formulae, each of Ri1, Ri2 and Rii1 independently represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1-8; one of the alkyl groups, or two or more of the alkyl groups being noncontiguous, include —CH2— which can be independently substituted by —CH?CH—, —C?C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—; hydrogen atom in the alkyl group can be substituted by fluorine atom or chlorine atom; and each of Xi1, Xi2, Xi3 and Xi4 independently represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom.