Abstract: Cystatins that have been modified by glycosylation in order to enhance stability and activity are disclosed, as are methods of making such cystatins and methods of using such cystatins to inhibit proteolysis.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a Group III nitride semiconductor substrate according to the present invention includes the steps of: (a) preparing a substrate; (b) forming, on the substrate, a first semiconductor layer composed of a Group III nitride semiconductor; (c) forming, on the first semiconductor layer, a heat diffusion suppressing layer lower in thermal conductivity than the first semiconductor layer; (d) forming, on the heat diffusion suppressing layer, a second semiconductor layer composed of a Group III nitride semiconductor; and (e) irradiating the first semiconductor layer through the substrate with a light beam transmitted by the substrate and absorbed by the first semiconductor layer to decompose the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A first semiconductor layer is formed on a mother substrate, and the mother substrate is irradiated with irradiation light from a surface opposite to the first semiconductor layer, so that a thermally decomposed layer formed by thermally decomposing the first semiconductor layer between the first semiconductor layer and the mother substrate. Then, a second semiconductor layer including an active layer is formed on the first semiconductor layer in which the thermally decomposed layer is formed.

Abstract: A first semiconductor film made of a nitride semiconductor is grown through epitaxial growth on a light transmitting substrate. A thermal decomposition layer is disposed in a space between the substrate and the first semiconductor film by irradiating laser light to the first semiconductor film from the back surface of the substrate. After a second semiconductor film made of a nitride semiconductor is grown through epitaxial growth while the first semiconductor film is placed on the substrate, the temperature of the substrate is lowered to room temperature. Then, by separating and removing the substrate from the first and second semiconductor films, it is possible to obtain a nitride semiconductor substrate having an area substantially as large as the area of the substrate.

Abstract: Cystatins that have been modified by glycosylation in order to enhance stability and activity are disclosed, as are methods of making such cystatins and methods of using such cystatins to inhibit proteolysis.

Abstract: A protector film is formed on the surface of a substrate to cover at least the side surface thereof. Then, a compound semiconductor film including nitrogen is grown through epitaxial growth on the substrate at an exposed portion. Then, the substrate and the compound semiconductor film are separated from each other by irradiation of laser light, polishing of the substrate, etching, cutting, etc. Consequently, the resulting compound semiconductor film is used as a free-standing wafer.

Abstract: An opening and closing apparatus (52, 54) opens and closes an opening and closing lid (10) which closes an opening part (4) of an accommodating box (2) for accommodating an object (W) to be processed and is locked by a locking mechanism (12). A key member (26) is mounted to a base table (90) via a bearing mechanism (92) in a state in which the key member is rotatable with respect to the base table (90) and movable in a vertical direction with respect to a front surface of the base table (90). A part of the opening and closing lid (10) is held by being put between the key member (26) and an elastic member (98) provided on a front surface of the base table. Thereby, the opening and closing lid (10) is prevented from being displaced with respect to the base table (90) when the opening and closing lid (10) is removed from the accommodation box (2).

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate comprises a semiconductor layer comprising a group III nitride as a main component. A scattering portion for scattering an incident beam of light incident on one plane of the semiconductor layer is provided on another plane or inside of the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A hybrid air-conditioner comprises a vapor adsorption cycle air-conditioner, a vapor compression refrigerating cycle air-conditioner, an external heat source circuit and the like. In the case where the external heat source temperature is in a high temperature range, the cooling operation is performed using only the vapor adsorption cycle air-conditioner. In the case where the external heat source temperature is in a low temperature range, the cooling operation is performed using only the vapor compression refrigerating cycle air-conditioner. In the case where the external heat source temperature is in an intermediate temperature range, the cooling operation is performed using both the vapor adsorption cycle air-conditioner and the vapor compression refrigerating cycle air-conditioner. As a result, the temperature restrictions on the vapor adsorption cycle air-conditioner can be removed and the range of operation allowance can be widened.

Abstract: A first semiconductor layer is epitaxially grown on a semiconductor substrate and patterned to form concave and convex portions. A second semiconductor layer is formed on the first semiconductor layer using a top epitaxial mask covering the top surface of the convex portion. Lattice defects D propagating from the first semiconductor layer exist only in a region located above the center of the concave portion (a defect region Ra), while in the other region (a low defect region Rb) lattice defects D propagating from the first semiconductor layer hardly exist.

Abstract: A projection type displaying apparatus with a movable built-in screen has an image display, an image projector and a position detector for detecting a position where the built-in screen is installed. When the position detector determines that the built-in screen is in an image projection pass, the focus of the image projector is adjusted on the built-in screen and the image projector projects the image onto the built-in screen. When the position detector determines that the built-in screen is out of the image projection pass, the focus of the image projector is adjusted on an external screen and the image projector automatically projects the image onto the external screen.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus uses a holographic optical element to split the light from a light source for generating white light to R, G and B wavelength light components. The split light components enter respective pixels of a liquid crystal cell according to the R, G and B wavelengths, thereby ensuring the display of a color image. In this liquid crystal display apparatus, unit holographic optical elements corresponding to unit pixels each consisting of R, G and B pixels are comprised of holographic optical cells for condensing respective lights of specific wavelengths on the associated pixels. Alternatively, the unit pixels are formed to have symmetrical shapes. Color filters may be provided at some of the pixels of the liquid crystal cell. Accordingly, the light incident to the pixels of the liquid crystal cell is optimized.

Abstract: In the pulling of a single crystal, hitherto, it is difficult to reduce the OSF density while the deformation rate is held down within the tolerance, so that it is difficult to improve the quality and productivity. In the present invention, a deviation from a true circle in each part of a single crystal S.sub.n-1 which was pulled in the preceding batch is found and the pulling speed pattern f.sub.pn-1 (L.sub.1) in the preceding batch is updated (f.sub.pn (L.sub.1)) before a single crystal S.sub.n is pulled, in order to pull the single crystal as fast as possible so that the OSF density is small while the deviation is within the tolerance.

Abstract: A document feeder of the invention is formed of a sheet feeding tray for receiving sheets or documents thereon; a feeding device for feeding the sheets on the sheet feeding tray in order; and a feeding roller for feeding the sheets transferred from the feeding device in a sheet feeding direction and having at least one space extending in a direction perpendicular to the sheet feeding direction. The document feeder further includes at least first and second separating devices. The first separating device is formed of a frictional member having a frictional coefficient relative to a sheet greater than that between the sheets. The first separating device contacts the feeding roller and permits one sheet to pass therebetween. The second separating device is formed of an elastic member and has at least one tongue piece with a forward end. The forward end is located in the space of the feeding roller for separating the sheets between the forward end and the feeding roller.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus for applying an auxiliary torque generated in proportion to a steering torque, to a rack shaft to thereby reduce the steering torque. The rack shaft has at one end thereof rack teeth for meshing with a pinion. A rack guide mechanism is provided at the rack shaft one end oppositely from the rack teeth, for urging the rack shaft to the pinion. At the other end of the rack shaft, a screw portion and a ball screw mechanism are provided. A bush is provided for supporting an intermediate portion of the rack shaft to thereby restrict the bending of the intermediate portion beyond a predetermined value when an external force is applied to the rack shaft ends thereby bending the rack shaft intermediate portion. As a result, the vibration of the rack shaft and hence a steering wheel can be minimized.

Abstract: A dilatancy liquid is a sol under a low shear stress and a gel under a high shear stress, and includes inorganic particles having a roundness of 1.1 or less, and a particle diameter of from 0.05 to 5 .mu.m, and a liquid held among the inorganic particles. The dilatancy liquid is of high mechanical strength, and exhibits a low viscosity under a low shear stress and a high viscosity under a high shear stress; namely: it exhibits a large viscous-resistance variation by a shear-stress increment.

Abstract: A lead wire distribution processing structure includes separated partition plates (16) standing on the upper surface of a bottom section (12) of a swivel base (11) at a position closer to the outer periphery thereof than an arm (14) within a space (13), wherein partition plates (16) have lead wire penetration sections (17) at a level above bottom section (12), which is provided with lead wire penetration holes (18) at positions outward from partition plate (16) thereby allowing lead wires (15) drawn out of the lower section of arm (14) within space (13) to run downward and arrive at a position below lead wire penetration sections (17) of partition plates (16), thus causing them to separate from each other and extend upwardly so that they extend in opposite directions to enter the interior of a fixed base through lead wire penetration holes (18). It is possible to simply and reliably attain drip protection without any significant modifications of the swivel base in structure.

Abstract: A projection type displaying apparatus with a movable built-in screen has an image display, an image projector and a position detector for detecting a position where the built-in screen is installed. When the position detector determines that the built-in screen is in an image projection pass, the focus of the image projector is adjusted on the built-in screen and the image projector projects the image onto the built-in screen. When the position detector determines that the built-in screen is out of the image projection pass, the focus of the image projector is adjusted on an external screen and the image projector automatically projects the image onto the external screen.

Abstract: An agglutination gene of 4.7.+-.0.2 kb in yeast which codes for a polypeptide which exhibits agglutinative activity.

Abstract: A wrist mechanism for an articulated robot includes a first wrist link which extends on an extension of the robot arm and which is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of a rotary portion. A second wrist link is fixed to an output shaft of the rotary portion, and a third wrist link is pivotally connected to an end portion of the first wrist link so that the third wrist link can be turned. A fourth wrist link is pivotally connected to end portions of the second and third wrist links and extends parallel to the first wrist link. A work clamping device is fixed to a pivot pin of the third wrist link. A damping device is provided between the wrist and the first wrist link or second wrist link. Thus, there is provided a wrist mechanism having non-reinforced arms and a driving motor of a small load, capable of being operated at a high speed and kept safe even when the work clamping device collides with an obstruction.