Abstract: An image sensor, includes: a first pixel and a second pixel, in a first direction, each including a first photoelectric conversion unit and a light-shielding unit and outputting a signal; a third pixel and a fourth pixel, in the first direction, each including a second photoelectric conversion unit and outputting a signal; a first signal line and a second signal line, in the first direction, each of which can be connected to the first pixel, the second pixel, the third pixel and the fourth pixel; and a control unit that performs a first control in which a signal of the first pixel is output to the first signal line and a signal of the second pixel is output to the second signal line, and a second control in which a signal of the third pixel and a signal of the fourth pixel are output to the first signal line.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, a deflector, an optical member, a supporting portion, a casing, a cover member, a first air current deflecting portion configured to deflect, to a direction from the bottom toward the cover member, an air current generated by rotation of the rotatable polygonal mirror and flowing along a longitudinal direction of the optical member; and a second air current deflecting portion provided on the cover member and configured to deflect, to a direction crossing the longitudinal direction, the air current deflected by the first air current deflecting portion and flowing in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source, a deflector, an optical member, a supporting portion, a casing, a cover member, a first air current deflecting portion configured to deflect, to a direction from the bottom toward the cover member, an air current generated by rotation of the rotatable polygonal mirror and flowing along a longitudinal direction of the optical member; and a second air current deflecting portion provided on the cover member and configured to deflect, to a direction crossing the longitudinal direction, the air current deflected by the first air current deflecting portion and flowing in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus including: a rotary polygon mirror configured to deflect a laser beam emitted from a light source; optical elements configured to guide the laser beam to a photosensitive member; a housing having a bottom surface and a side wall portion standing from the bottom surface and intersecting with a longitudinal direction of the optical elements; and a plurality of wall portions provided on the bottom surface so as to intersect with the longitudinal direction between the bottom surface and a lens of the optical elements that is closest to the rotary polygon mirror, the plurality of wall portions forming an air flow path for guiding an air flow caused by rotation of the rotary polygon mirror from a first space in which the rotary polygon mirror is arranged to a second space opposite to the first space with respect to the lens.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus, including: a light source; a deflection unit configured to deflect a light beam emitted from the light source; a reflecting mirror configured to reflect the light beam to a photosensitive member; a housing; a first support portion provided in the housing to support one end of the reflecting mirror; a second support portion provided in the housing to support the other end of the reflecting mirror; a first leaf spring configured to press the reflecting mirror at the one end to apply an urging force for urging the reflecting mirror against the first support portion; and a second leaf spring configured to press the reflecting mirror at the other end to apply an urging force for urging the reflecting mirror against the second support portion, wherein a pressing force of the first leaf spring is larger than a pressing force of the second leaf spring.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus including: a rotary polygon mirror configured to deflect a laser beam emitted from a light source; optical elements configured to guide the laser beam to a photosensitive member; a housing having a bottom surface and a side wall portion standing from the bottom surface and intersecting with a longitudinal direction of the optical elements; and a plurality of wall portions provided on the bottom surface so as to intersect with the longitudinal direction between the bottom surface and a lens of the optical elements that is closest to the rotary polygon mirror, the plurality of wall portions forming an air flow path for guiding an air flow caused by rotation of the rotary polygon mirror from a first space in which the rotary polygon mirror is arranged to a second space opposite to the first space with respect to the lens.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus, including: a light source; a deflection unit configured to deflect a light beam emitted from the light source; a reflecting mirror configured to reflect the light beam to a photosensitive member; a housing; a first support portion provided in the housing to support one end of the reflecting mirror; a second support portion provided in the housing to support the other end of the reflecting mirror; a first leaf spring configured to press the reflecting mirror at the one end to apply an urging force for urging the reflecting mirror against the first support portion; and a second leaf spring configured to press the reflecting mirror at the other end to apply an urging force for urging the reflecting mirror against the second support portion, wherein a pressing force of the first leaf spring is larger than a pressing force of the second leaf spring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithography apparatus which forms a pattern on a substrate, the apparatus comprising a stage holding the substrate and being movable; a measurement unit configured to irradiate a side surface of the stage with light and measure a position of the stage, a generation unit configured to generate a flow of gas in a space where the stage moves, a detection unit configured to detect respective positions of sample shot regions formed on the substrate, and a control unit configured to determine an order of detecting the sample shot regions by the detection unit such that detection by the detection unit is performed sequentially from a sample shot region closer to the measurement unit with respect to sample shot regions located on a downstream side of the flow of the gas from a center of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithography apparatus which forms a pattern on a substrate, the apparatus comprising a stage holding the substrate and being movable; a measurement unit configured to irradiate a side surface of the stage with light and measure a position of the stage, a generation unit configured to generate a flow of gas in a space where the stage moves, a detection unit configured to detect respective positions of sample shot regions formed on the substrate, and a control unit configured to determine an order of detecting the sample shot regions by the detection unit such that detection by the detection unit is performed sequentially from a sample shot region closer to the measurement unit with respect to sample shot regions located on a downstream side of the flow of the gas from a center of the substrate.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus for a moving object includes: a driving unit including a stator and a movable element connected to the moving object via a connecting member; a chassis which includes an opening which allows movement of the connecting member upon driving of the movable element, and an exhaust outlet which includes end exhaust outlets arranged at first and second ends of the driving range of the movable element; an exhaust unit which exhausts a gas in the chassis; and a controller which controls the exhaust unit so that an amount of exhaust from the end exhaust outlet arranged at the first end becomes larger when the movable element is driven toward the first end on a side of the first end of the driving range than when the movable element is positioned at the center of the driving range.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus for a moving object includes: a driving unit including a stator and a movable element connected to the moving object via a connecting member; a chassis which includes an opening which allows movement of the connecting member upon driving of the movable element, and an exhaust outlet which includes end exhaust outlets arranged at first and second ends of the driving range of the movable element; an exhaust unit which exhausts a gas in the chassis; and a controller which controls the exhaust unit so that an amount of exhaust from the end exhaust outlet arranged at the first end becomes larger when the movable element is driven toward the first end on a side of the first end of the driving range than when the movable element is positioned at the center of the driving range.

Abstract: An automatic auction method which makes it unnecessary for bidders to stay before auction terminals at the time of auction and which makes possible auction transactions on an open network on which it is difficult to assure the on-line and real time properties. A plurality of auction ordering information pieces each containing a desired price, number of purchase, and a highest possible price in competition for the desired price and received from bidder terminals via on-line circuits are collected. Until an auction issue appears, the price is lowered. If there is at least one auction issue and a desired quantity which is the sum total of the numbers of purchase of the auction issues is not satisfied, then it is determined whether there is an auction issue coinciding in price by comparing the set price with (the desired price+the highest possible price in competition). Until the desired quantity is satisfied, the price is raised.

Abstract: An automatic auction method which makes it unnecessary for bidders to stay before auction terminals at the time of auction and which makes possible auction transactions on an open network on which it is difficult to assure the on-line and real time properties. A plurality of auction ordering information pieces each containing a desired price, number of purchase, and a highest possible price in competition for the desired price and received from bidder terminals via on-line circuits are collected. Until an auction issue appears, the price is lowered. If there is at least one auction issue and a desired quantity which is the sum total of the numbers of purchase of the auction issues is not satisfied, then it is determined whether there is an auction issue coinciding in price by comparing the set price with (the desired price+the highest possible price in competition). Until the desired quantity is satisfied, the price is raised.

Abstract: In automatic auction method which makes it unnecessary for bidders to stay before auction terminals at the time of auction and which makes possible auction transactions on an open network on which it is difficult to assure the on-line and real time properties, a plurality of auction ordering information pieces each containing a desired price, number of purchase, and a highest possible price in competition for the desired price and received from bidder terminals via on-line circuits are collected. Until an auction issue appears, the price is lowered. If there is at least one auction issue and a desired quantity which is the sum total of the numbers of purchase of the auction issues is not satisfied, then it is determined whether there is an auction issue coinciding in price by comparing the set price with (the desired price+the highest possible price in competition). Until the desired quantity is satisfied, the price is raised.

Abstract: To provide a method for preparing optically active compounds, which mainly contain (R)-amino compounds, by microbial enzymes efficiently and inexpensively; a polypeptide having stereoselective transaminase activity which can be suitably used for the above preparation method; and a DNA encoding the polypeptide. A method for preparing an optically active amino compound, characterized in stereoselectively transaminating by acting a transaminase on an amino group acceptor, a ketone compound in the presence of an amino group donor, a primary amine; a DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having stereoselective transaminase activity; and a polypeptide having stereoselective transaminase activity obtainable from a culture of a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter.

Abstract: To provide a method for preparing optically active compounds, which mainly contain (R)-amino compounds, by microbial enzymes efficiently and inexpensively; a polypeptide having stereoselective transaminase activity which can be suitably used for the above preparation method; and a DNA encoding the polypeptide. A method for preparing an optically active amino compound, characterized in stereoselectively transaminating by acting a transaminase on an amino group acceptor, a ketone compound in the presence of an amino group donor, a primary amine; a DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having stereoselective transaminase activity; and a polypeptide having stereoselective transaminase activity obtainable from a culture of a microorganism belonging to the genus Arthrobacter.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to electronic commerce and more particularly to consumer goods offered by a distributor over a communications network, for example, the Internet. One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining goods offered to a consumer by a distributor based on the distributor's business strategy. The consumer specifies his/her needs and the distributor first finds goods that meets the consumers needs. The distributor then prioritizes these goods based on the distributor's own business needs and offers the customer only those goods that meet both the customer's and the distributor's needs. Thus a distributor filtered viewpoint of the goods is displayed to the customer.

Abstract: The method for preparing an optically active (R)-amino compound characterized by the method comprising stereoselectively carrying out amino group transfer by action of an (R)-form-specific transaminase in the co-presence of a ketone compound (amino acceptor), and an amino compound (amino donor) of a racemic form or an (R)-form, to give an optically active (R)-amino compound. According to the present invention, it is made possible to easily prepare at a high yield the optically active (R)-amino compounds and the like having an aryl group and the like at their 1-position, which have been conventionally difficult to prepare.

Abstract: The method for preparing an optically active (R)-amino compound characterized by the method comprising stereoselectively carrying out amino group transfer by action of an (R)-form-specific transaminase in the co-presence of a ketone compound (amino acceptor), and an amino compound (amino donor) of a racemic form or an (R)-form, to give an optically active (R)-amino compound. According to the present invention, it is made possible to easily prepare at a high yield the optically active (R)-amino compounds and the like having an aryl group and the like at their 1-position, which have been conventionally difficult to prepare.

Abstract: The method for preparing an optically active (R)-amino compound characterized by the method comprising stereoselectively carrying out amino group transfer by action of an (R)-form-specific transaminase in the co-presence of a ketone compound (amino acceptor), and an amino compound (amino donor) of a racemic form or an (R)-form, to give an optically active (R)-amino compound. According to the present invention, it is made possible to easily prepare at a high yield the optically active (R)-amino compounds and the like having an aryl group and the like at their 1-position, which have been conventionally difficult to prepare.