Abstract: An onium salt having the following formula (1) is provided. In formula (1), one of R13 and R14 is a group having a partial structure of the following formula (1a). Q1 to Q3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a C1-C6 fluorinated saturated hydrocarbyl group, provided that, when both of Q1 and Q2 are a hydrogen atom, Q3 is a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 fluorinated saturated hydrocarbyl group, and the total number of fluorine atoms in Q1 to Q3 is 2 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a heater including: a substrate that has electrical conductivity; a first insulation portion that is provided on a first surface of the substrate, has an insulation property; at least one heat generation body that is provided on the first insulation portion; a second insulation portion that is provided on a second surface of the substrate which is opposite to the first surface, has an insulation property; at least one detection unit that is provided on at least one of the first insulation portion and the second insulation portion; and a first wiring which is provided on at least one of the first insulation portion and the second insulation portion, and in which one end is electrically connected to one terminal of the detection unit and the other end is electrically connected to the substrate having the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: A friction stir spot welding apparatus includes a pin member formed in a solid cylindrical shape, a shoulder member formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, the pin member being inserted in the shoulder member, a rotary actuator that rotates the pin member and the shoulder member on an axis that is in agreement with an axial center of the pin member, and a linear actuator that linearly moves each of the pin member and the shoulder member along the axis. A tip-end part of the shoulder member is formed in a tapered shape.

Abstract: In the present invention, device information is collected while real-time performance and high-speed performance of control-related normal communication are maintained. The distributed control system has: a central processing device; a central communication device; multiple terminal communication devices each having at least one controlled device connected thereto; an information storage device; and a network having a tree structure comprising multiple communication paths between the central communication device and the terminal communication devices, between the terminal communication devices, and between the terminal communication devices and the information storage device.

Abstract: In the present invention, device information is collected while real-time performance and high-speed performance of control-related normal communication are maintained. The distributed control system has: a central processing device; a central communication device; multiple terminal communication devices each having at least one controlled device connected thereto; an information storage device; and a network having a tree structure comprising multiple communication paths between the central communication device and the terminal communication devices, between the terminal communication devices, and between the terminal communication devices and the information storage device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated separator including a first polyolefin microporous layer and a second polyolefin microporous layer which is laminated on the first polyolefin microporous layer and which is different from the first polyolefin microporous layer, wherein at least one of the first microporous layer and the second microporous layer includes an inorganic particle having a primary particle size of 1 nm or more and 80 nm or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyolefin microporous membrane including a multilayer film having two or more layers. In this polyolefin microporous membrane, at least one surface layer has a thickness of not less than 0.2 ?m but not more than 5 ?m and contains inorganic particles, while at least one layer contains a polyethylene and has an air permeability of not less than 50 second/100 cc but not more than 1000 second/100 cc and a puncture strength of not less than 3.0 N/20 ?m.

Abstract: A biological information extracting device which is provided at a head-mounted member mounted on a head of a person (subject) and includes a camera that captures temporally successive images including at least a part of a face of the person as an object; a region selector that selects a skin color region from the image captured by the camera; a pulse wave measurer that measures a pulse wave signal of the person based on image data of the skin color region; and a data transmitter that transmits the pulse wave signal to a predetermined transmission destination. The camera is disposed to face a side surface of the face of the person and is set to capture a part (cheek of the face) of the side surface of the face.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated polyolefin microporous membrane having a two-type three-layer structure in which first polyolefin microporous layers are surface layers and a second polyolefin microporous layer is an intermediate layer which is different from the first polyolefin microporous layer, in which at least one of the first polyolefin microporous layers and the second polyolefin microporous layer comprises a polypropylene-based resin in which a mass ratio of polypropylene to propylene copolymer is 0 or more and 2.29 or less, and a melting point of the polypropylene copolymer is 120° C. or higher and 145° C. or lower. Also disclosed is a method of making the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated separator including a first polyolefin microporous layer and a second polyolefin microporous layer which is laminated on the first polyolefin microporous layer and which is different from the first polyolefin microporous layer, wherein at least one of the first microporous layer and the second microporous layer includes an inorganic particle having a primary particle size of 1 nm or more and 80 nm or less.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a laminated polyolefin microporous membrane having propylene-?-olefin copolymer and methods of producing the same. The laminated polyolefin microporous membrane has a two-type three layer structure in which first polyolefin microporous layers are surface layers and a second polyolefin microporous layer is an intermediate layer which is different from the first polyolefin microporous layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyolefin microporous membrane including a multilayer film having two or more layers. In this polyolefin microporous membrane, at least one surface layer has a thickness of not less than 0.2 ?m but not more than 5 ?m and contains inorganic particles, while at least one layer contains a polyethylene and has an air permeability of not less than 50 second/100 cc but not more than 1000 second/100 cc and a puncture strength of not less than 3.0 N/20 ?m.

Abstract: A histogram generator generates a histogram that indicates a count of pixels of a designated color in association with coordinates along a basic axis of a screen, for frame image data obtained by filming a real space. A histogram smoother performs smoothing of the generated histogram. A three-dimensional coordinates generator selects a value associated with particular coordinates from among the counts indicated in the smoothed histogram, and performs depth value determination for a target object using the selected value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyolefin microporous membrane including a multilayer film having two or more layers. In this polyolefin microporous membrane, at least one surface layer has a thickness of not less than 0.2 ?m but not more than 5 ?m and contains inorganic particles, while at least one layer contains a polyethylene and has an air permeability of not less than 50 second/100 cc but not more than 1000 second/100 cc and a puncture strength of not less than 3.0 N/20 ?m.

Abstract: A projection apparatus projects pattern light onto an object, the pattern light including pattern images corresponding to information that indicates coded projection coordinates in a projection coordinate system. Each of the pattern images includes two or more continuous areas. Widths of the two or more continuous areas are identical to one another, while lengths of the two or more continuous areas are different. An imaging apparatus captures images created on the object and generates captured images including imaging pixel values at imaging pixel coordinates in an imaging coordinate system. An image correction apparatus generates, based on the captured images, coordinate conversion information that associates the projection coordinates with the imaging pixel coordinates and corrects a projection image by using the coordinate conversion information.

Abstract: A projection apparatus projects pattern light onto an object, the pattern light including pattern images corresponding to information that indicates coded projection coordinates in a projection coordinate system. Each of the pattern images includes two or more continuous areas. Widths of the two or more continuous areas are identical to one another, while lengths of the two or more continuous areas are different. An imaging apparatus captures images created on the object and generates captured images including imaging pixel values at imaging pixel coordinates in an imaging coordinate system. An image correction apparatus generates, based on the captured images, coordinate conversion information that associates the projection coordinates with the imaging pixel coordinates and corrects a projection image by using the coordinate conversion information.

Abstract: A projection system includes a projection apparatus that projects, onto an object, pattern light indicating pattern images obtained by conversion of projection coordinates defined in a projection coordinate system to codes, an imaging apparatus that captures images created on the object by projecting the pattern light onto the object and that generates first captured images, and an image correction apparatus that generates, based on the first captured images, first coordinate conversion information which associates the projection coordinates with imaging pixel coordinates defined in an imaging coordinate system of the imaging apparatus and that corrects a projection image, which is prepared in advance, by using the first coordinate conversion information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated separator including a first polyolefin microporous layer and a second polyolefin microporous layer which is laminated on the first polyolefin microporous layer and which is different from the first polyolefin microporous layer, wherein at least one of the first microporous layer and the second microporous layer includes an inorganic particle having a primary particle size of 1 nm or more and 80 nm or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laminated separator including a first polyolefin microporous layer and a second polyolefin microporous layer which is laminated on the first polyolefin microporous layer and which is different from the first polyolefin microporous layer, wherein at least one of the first microporous layer and the second microporous layer includes an inorganic particle having a primary particle size of 1 nm or more and 80 nm or less.

Abstract: A projection system includes a projection apparatus that projects, onto an object, pattern light indicating pattern images obtained by conversion of projection coordinates defined in a projection coordinate system to codes, an imaging apparatus that captures images created on the object by projecting the pattern light onto the object and that generates first captured images, and an image correction apparatus that generates, based on the first captured images, first coordinate conversion information which associates the projection coordinates with imaging pixel coordinates defined in an imaging coordinate system of the imaging apparatus and that corrects a projection image, which is prepared in advance, by using the first coordinate conversion information.