Abstract: In measuring a certain time lag between generations of two pulse signals, a time lag measuring device prevents errors in measurement results even with an error in two reference signals for measuring the time lag. The device measures a time lag between a start signal M1 and a stop signal M2 and includes a reference signal generating section 41 generating two reference signals S1, S2 having a phase difference ?/2, and an amplitude detecting section 42 detects amplitudes A11, A12 and A21, A22 of the reference signals S1, S2 at generation timings for the start signal M1 and the stop signal M2, a phase difference detecting section 43 calculating a phase _ of the reference signals S according to each set of the amplitudes (A11, A12) and (A21, A22), and a correcting section 46 correcting the calculated phase using correction data for error correction in the reference signals S1, S2.

Abstract: A time difference measuring device can accurately measure a time difference between two pulse signals generated with a predetermined time difference by measuring the two pulse signals by one measurement. The time difference measuring device measures a time difference between a start signal (M1) and a stop signal (M2). The device has a reference signal generation unit (41) for generating two reference signals (S1, S2) having a ?/2 phase difference. According to corresponding amplitude values (A11, A12) and (A21, A22) of the reference signals (S1, S2) at each generation timing of the start signal (M1) and the stop signal (M2), a phase difference detection unit (42) calculates a phase difference ?? (=?stop??start) between the generation timings of the pulse signals (M1, M2). According to the detected phase difference ?? and the cycle (Ts) of the reference signals (S1; S2), a time difference calculation unit (44) calculates the generation time difference ?t between the pulse signals (m1, M2).

Abstract: To provide a surveying instrument for measuring difference in required time of light or distance to an object to be measured while covering a wide dynamic range without adjusting light amount. A light pulse emanating from a light emitting section 1 is divided into a reference light cast to a reference light path F1 and a measurement light cast to a measurement light path F2 through which the measurement light travels to and is reflected back from the object to be measured. These two light beams are received with a light receiving section 9. With a multiplex reflection optical fiber Mp1 interposed in the middle of the measurement light path F2, the measurement light comes out as a row of multiplex light pulses attenuating successively in light amount at a constant rate. From this row of pulses, a measurement light of approximately the same in received light level as the reference light may be selected.

Abstract: A distance measuring method for performing distance measurement by projecting a distance measuring light to an object to be measured and by receiving a reflected light, comprising: a step of projecting for scanning the distance measuring light which has at least one luminous flux with a predetermined spreading angle; a step of emitting the light by pulsed light emission at least two times during a period when the luminous flux traverses the object to be measured; a step of measuring a distance by receiving the reflected light at least two times; and a step of averaging the results of the distance measurement.

Abstract: A distance measuring method for performing distance measurement by projecting a distance measuring light to an object to be measured and by receiving a reflected light, comprising: a step of projecting for scanning the distance measuring light which has at least one luminous flux with a predetermined spreading angle; a step of emitting the light by pulsed light emission at least two times during a period when the luminous flux traverses the object to be measured; a step of measuring a distance by receiving the reflected light at least two times; and a step of averaging the results of the distance measurement.

Abstract: A distance measuring system, which comprises a control arithmetic unit 1, a light emitting unit 2 for emitting a measuring light beam and a photodetection unit 3 for receiving a reflection light beam from an object to be measured, the system being used for measuring a distance by receiving the reflection light beam from the object to be measured, wherein the control arithmetic unit compares a signal based on the photodetection amount of the reflection light from the object to be measured as well as a result of the distance measurement with reference data prestored in the control arithmetic unit relating to the reflection of the object to be measured, and judges whether the object to be measured is a prism or a natural object based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: A measuring system comprises a light projecting unit 1 for projecting a distance measuring light, a distance measuring optical unit 2 for projecting the distance measuring light to an object to be measured and for receiving the reflected distance measuring light from the object to be measured, a photodetection unit 3 for receiving the reflected distance measuring light from the distance measuring optical unit, and a distance measuring circuit 4 for calculating a distance to the object to be measured based on a photodetection signal from the photodetection unit, wherein the light projecting unit comprises a mixing means 40 for mixing the distance measuring light, and the distance measuring optical unit comprises an optical path switching means 42 for switching over the distance measuring light to an outer optical path or to an inner reference optical path and for allowing the photodetection unit to receive the light, and a light amount adjusting means 41 for adjusting a light amount of the distance measuring l

Abstract: The present invention provides a distance measuring device for measuring a distance, comprising a light emitting unit for emitting a measuring light beam toward an object to be measured, and a photodetection unit for receiving a reflected measuring light beam reflected from the object to be measured, wherein said distance measuring device comprises a gain control unit for changing photodetection sensitivity of said photodetection unit by a bias voltage and a light amount switching unit for variably changing a light amount of the light emitting element which emits the light beam toward the photodetection unit.

Abstract: An optical pulse observing device enables the clear observation of indirect laser light of pulse laser light. The optical pulse observing device to be used by a user for observing pulse illumination light directly or indirectly, includes an optical shutter means that operates for alternate opening and closing in synchronism with periodic pulses of the pulse laser light so as to open only during the duration of pulses of the pulse laser light to pass pulse laser light and external light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a target device for use in a non-prism light wave range finder. In particular, the invention is concerned with a target device comprising a base portion and at least one reflective surface formed on the base portion, the reflective surface being constituted by a colored retroreflective sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light-wave rangefinder using a pulse method, which can reduce a measurement error, in which a tuned amplifier converts an electric signal of a light receiving unit into a damped oscillation waveform and thereby an arithmetic processing means can calculate a distance from a measuring position to a reflecting object on the basis of the damped oscillation waveform of the tuned amplifier. An optical noise sampling unit samples an optical noise produced in the rangefinder; an optical-noise storage unit stores sampling data of the optical-noise sampling unit; an arithmetic processing means reduces a measurement error caused by an optical noise on the basis of the sampling data of the optical-noise storage unit; and thereby a distance, a measurement error of which is reduced, can be calculated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light-wave rangefinder using a pulse method, which can reduce a measurement error, in which a tuned amplifier converts an electric signal of a light receiving unit into a damped oscillation waveform and thereby an arithmetic processing means can calculate a distance from a measuring position to a reflecting object on the basis of the damped oscillation waveform of the tuned amplifier. An optical noise sampling unit samples an optical noise produced in the rangefinder; an optical-noise storage unit stores sampling data of the optical-noise sampling unit; an arithmetic processing means reduces a measurement error caused by an optical noise on the basis of the sampling data of the optical-noise storage unit; and thereby a distance, a measurement error of which is reduced, can be calculated.

Abstract: A distance measuring system, which comprises a control arithmetic unit 1, a light emitting unit 2 for emitting a measuring light beam and a photodetection unit 3 for receiving a reflection light beam from an object to be measured, and said system being used for measuring a distance by receiving said reflection light beam from said object to be measured, wherein said control arithmetic unit compares a signal based on photodetection amount of the light from said object to be measured as well as a result of distance measurement with a reference data prestored in said control arithmetic unit relating to reflection of said object to be measured, and judges said object to be measured based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distance measuring apparatus utilizing light waves, in particular the distance measuring apparatus is able to measure a distance effectively even in an environment containing such a noise light as to disturb the measurement by light waves. In the above-mentioned apparatus, the projection system irradiates the target of measurement with light beams, the light reception means in the light reception system receives the reflected light beams, and the processing means calculates the distance from the measuring position to the target of measurement based on the reflected light beams. The threshold level of the light reception means for judging the incidence of reflected light beams is made variable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-prism type automatic surveying apparatus and a three-dimensions measuring method or the like, which measure a distance to an object to be measured without using a reflecting prism or the like. A lightwave range finder capable of performing non-prism measurements has an angle measuring unit and a distance measuring unit. Arithmetic processing means for recognition can recognize an object to be measured according to image processing. The angle measuring unit and the distance measuring unit can respectively measure distances to and angles relative to at least three specified points on a plane &agr; including measuring points of the object to be measured. The angle measuring unit can measure angles relative to each individual measuring points.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a lightwave range finder and a measuring method or the like, which are capable of computing arbitrary three-dimensional coordinate positions, distances and areas or the like from distance and angular data, etc.

Abstract: Sanitary paper with improved softness (lower stiffness) can be obtained without significant loss of paper strength by using a papermaking pulp which is treated with a certain type of cellulase component. The cellulase component in question is characterized by not containing a cellulose-binding domain (CBD), and is more effective for making softer sanitary paper than a conventional cellulase preparation which contains a mixture of various cellulase components with and without a CBD.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light wave rangefinder for measuring a distance to an object of measurement by means of light reflected from the object of measurement without using a prism, and particularly to provision of a light wave rangefinder that sends pointer light for visually recognizing a measuring area and position.

Abstract: A small size rotary motor comprising a rotating body, a stator and bearings, wherein the rotating body is supported rotatably on the stator via bearings, and a magnetic force in an axial direction acts on the rotating body between the rotating body and the stator.

Abstract: A measuring system comprises a light projecting unit 1 for projecting a distance measuring light, a distance measuring optical unit 2 for projecting the distance measuring light to an object to be measured and for receiving the reflected distance measuring light from the object to be measured, a photodetection unit 3 for receiving the reflected distance measuring light from the distance measuring optical unit, and a distance measuring circuit 4 for calculating a distance to the object to be measured based on a photodetection signal from the photodetection unit, wherein the light projecting unit comprises a mixing means 40 for mixing the distance measuring light, and the distance measuring optical unit comprises an optical path switching means 42 for switching over the distance measuring light to an outer optical path or to an inner reference optical path and for allowing the photodetection unit to receive the light, and a light amount adjusting means 41 for adjusting a light amount of the distance measuring l