Abstract: In a color image forming apparatus provided with a photoreceptor having a rotatable peripheral surface; plural sets of a charging device, an imagewise exposure device, and a developing device, each set of the plural sets is provided separately from other sets around the peripheral surface of the photoreceptor so that plural color component images are formed one after another by the plural sets and are superimposed so as to form a color image on the peripheral surface during a single rotation of the peripheral surface. The developing device has a casing and the imagewise exposure device and the developing device of each set are arranged such that a portion on the peripheral surface locating at an imagewise exposing position moves into the casing of the developing device before the electric potential V1 of the portion is lowered to the half of V1 (V1/2).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a photoreceptor drum, a supporting member provided inside the photoreceptor drum and supporting plural exposure devices; and a signal passage to transmit an image signal to the plural exposure devices. The signal passage connects the outside and the inside of the photoreceptor drum by passing a part of the supporting member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image forming body which is rotatable in a subsidiary scanning direction. A plurality of imagewise exposure devices for imagewise exposing the image forming body are arranged to face the image forming body and to be aligned in a straight line in a primary scanning direction perpendicular to the subsidiary scanning direction of the image forming body. A common supporting member is provided for supporting the plurality of exposure devices, and bearing members are provided on first and second ends of the common supporting member. The plurality of exposure devices are: (i) radially arranged on the common supporting member with respect to a rotation axis of the image forming body, and (ii) fixed on the supporting member with respect to the bearing members, and the image forming body is rotatable against the common supporting member through the bearing members.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having an exposure optical system provided with an exposure light source in which light-emitting elements are arranged on a base plate to be line-shaped and with a lens array of a distributed refractive index type that converges a beam emitted from the exposure light source on the surface of a photoreceptor and conducts imagewise exposure. The apparatus is configured to satisfy the expression: ##EQU1## In the expression, .DELTA.T1 represents a variation width (K) of the temperature in the vicinity of light-emitting elements, R represents a radius of the photoreceptor mentioned above, Ri represents a length (.mu.m) of each member constituting the exposure optical system in the radial direction of the photoreceptor, .alpha. represents a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (.degree.C..sup.-1) of a transparent base that forms the photoreceptor, .alpha.i represents a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (.degree.C..sup.

Abstract: A method of producing a substrate for a photoreceptor having an exposing device therein for use in an electrophotographic apparatus, including the steps of: injecting polymerizable liquid material into a die whose inner surface is cylindrical; polymerizing the polymerizable liquid material while rotating and heating the die so that a substrate is formed inside the die; and removing the substrate from the die after the polymerizing, wherein the polymerizable liquid material is a transparent resin material and a thickness of the substrate is controlled according to an injecting amount of the polymerizable liquid material.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus including: an image forming body rotating about a rotary axis; a plurality of imagewise exposure devices mounted on an optical system supporting body and provided inside the image forming body for imagewise exposing the image forming body, wherein the image forming body is integrally formed with the optical system supporting body; a plurality of developing units provided around the image forming body; a suspending member for suspending the optical system supporting body; and guiding member for guiding the suspending member so that the image forming body is pulled out in a direction of the rotary axis of the image forming body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotary image forming body; a charger provided around the image forming body for charging the image forming body; a plurality of imagewise exposure devices for imagewise exposing the charged image forming body to form respective latent images thereon; and a plurality of developing devices for developing the respective latent images formed on the image forming body to form respective toner images. A plurality of different color toner images thus formed by the respective chargers, the respective imagewise exposure devices and the respective developing devices are superimposed on the image forming body, thereby a color toner image is formed. The image forming apparatus further includes a transfer device for transferring the color toner image on the image forming body onto a transfer member; a cleaning device for removing a residual toner on the image forming body; a support member for supporting the plurality of exposure devices.

Abstract: A development apparatus for developing a latent image formed on an image forming body with a developer so as to obtain a toner image. A developer conveyance unit conveys the developer, including a toner, to a development zone, between the developer conveyance unit and the image forming body, from an upstream side of the development zone in a conveyance direction to a downstream side thereof. A plate member having an electrode portion is positioned at the upstream side of the development zone, wherein a downstream end portion of the plate member is positioned in contact with the development zone. A power supply unit applies a first voltage, including a DC component and an AC component, to the developer conveyance unit so that an electric field is generated at the development zone. The power supply unit applies a second voltage, including a DC component, to the electrode portion of the plate member, and the plate member controls the electric field with the second voltage. The development apparatus satisfies: V.

Abstract: In an magnetic brush charging apparatus, a following relation is satisfied, .rho..ltoreq.M/H.ltoreq.1.6 .rho., wherein H is a minimum gap distance (cm) between a cylinder and an image carrying member, .rho. is a density (g/cm.sup.3) of magnetic particles and M is an amount (g/cm.sup.2) of magnetic particles existing in a nip region coming in contact with the image carrying member.

Abstract: The crystalline dihydrochloride of a specific cephalosporin derivative is stable to heat and retains its antibacterial activity even after storage over long periods at high temperature. The crystalline dihydrochloride can be obtained by removing protective groups from the cephalosporin derivative wherein the amino group and carboxy groups are protected and then crystallizing the cephalosporin derivative from a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. The crystalline dihydrochloride is useful for pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: A variable resistor for use in a frequency regulator comprises an actuator having an intermediate portion pivotally supported by a casing, and a pair of opposite actuating end portions exposed from the casing. A pair of opposite feed pawls depend from the actuator to engage a rotor pivotally supported by the casing between the opposite feed pawls. The rotor has on peripheral edges thereof teeth meshing with the feed pawls, and carries a slider. A resistor base plate is mounted on the casing and has an arcuate resistor layer facing the slider of the rotor. The actuator is angularly movable in response to depression of one at a time of the actuating end portions thereof for turning the rotor in one direction through meshing engagement between the feed pawls and the teeth to thereby cause the slider to slide on the arcuate resistor layer. Therefore, the resistance of the variable resistor can be varied simply by pushing the actuator angularly back and forth.

Abstract: Cephalosporin compounds, intermediate compounds therefor, and processes for preparation thereof are described; the compounds have the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can each represent hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkoxy group; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or a hydroxyl group; and R.sub.5 represents ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, an aminoaralkyl group, a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --SO.sub.3 Na group, or a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COR.sub.9 group [wherein R.sub.9 is a hydroxyl group, an OM group (wherein M is an alkali metal), an alkoxy group, or an ##STR3## group, (wherein R.sub.10 and R.sub.11, which may be the same or different, can represent hydrogen or an alkyl group), and n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4]; R.sub.7 is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an amino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and R.sub.

Abstract: In a rotary variable resistor wherein variable resistors which are operated by inner and outer shafts independently of each other are received in a single case; an unrotatable plate member having both its surfaces smoothed is interposed between the inner and outer shafts so as to prevent these shafts from turning together undesirably.

Abstract: Penicillin compounds and methods for the production thereof are described, said penicillin compounds being represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkoxy group except that R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 cannot all represent hydrogen simultaneously; R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; and R.sub.5 represents hydrogen or a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cephalosporin ester which comprises subjecting an organic halide or an alcohol to reaction with a cephalosporin acid, a cephalosporin acid halide or a salt thereof in the presence of liquid sulfur dioxide.