Abstract: The disclosure includes manufacturing a semimanufactured cylinder head (3) having a shielding curtain portion (16g) and spraying metal powder (P) onto an annular valve seat portion (16f) using a cold spray method to form a valve seat film (16b). The shielding curtain portion (16g) projects in an annular shape from an annular edge portion of an opening portion (16a) of an intake port (16) or an opening portion (17a) of an exhaust port (17) toward the center (C) of the port. The annular valve seat portion (16f) is located on an outer side of the port than the shielding curtain portion (16g).

Abstract: The disclosure includes manufacturing a semimanufactured cylinder head (3) having a shielding curtain portion (16g) and spraying metal powder (P) onto an annular valve seat portion (16f) using a cold spray method to form a valve seat film (16b). The shielding curtain portion (16g) projects in an annular shape from an annular edge portion of an opening portion (16a) of an intake port (16) or an opening portion (17a) of an exhaust port (17) toward the center (C) of the port. The annular valve seat portion (16f) is located on an outer side of the port than the shielding curtain portion (16g).

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided for controlling a vehicle air-conditioning of a vehicle in accordance with a control method. The air-conditioning compressor is stopped for a first time period after a brake pedal transitions from an operated state to a non-operated state when negative pressure inside a vacuum servo is insufficient relative to a predetermined pressure while an air-conditioning compressor is operating, and The air-conditioning compressor is stopped for a second time period after the acceleration pedal has come to be in a non-operated state when an acceleration pedal is operated before the first time period elapses.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided for controlling a vehicle air-conditioning of a vehicle in accordance with a control method. A negative pressure, which is generated in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine by a vacuum servo that assists a brake pedal force, is estimated based on an atmospheric pressure and a pressure inside the intake passage. When a predetermined condition is established that includes a state in which the estimated negative pressure inside the vacuum servo is insufficient relative to a predetermined pressure during operation of the air-conditioning compressor, the air-conditioning compressor is stopped during a first time period, the air-conditioning compressor is operated during a second time period regardless of the predetermined condition after the first time period has elapsed, and operation of the air-conditioning compressor is controlled in accordance the states of the predetermined condition being established after the second time period has elapsed.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided for controlling a vehicle air-conditioning of a vehicle in accordance with a control method. The air-conditioning compressor is stopped for a first time period after a brake pedal transitions from an operated state to a non-operated state when negative pressure inside a vacuum servo is insufficient relative to a predetermined pressure while an air-conditioning compressor is operating, and The air-conditioning compressor is stopped for a second time period after the acceleration pedal has come to be in a non-operated state when an acceleration pedal is operated before the first time period elapses.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning device is provided for controlling a vehicle air-conditioning of a vehicle in accordance with a control method. A negative pressure, which is generated in an intake passage of the internal combustion engine by a vacuum servo that assists a brake pedal force, is estimated based on an atmospheric pressure and a pressure inside the intake passage. When a predetermined condition is established that includes a state in which the estimated negative pressure inside the vacuum servo is insufficient relative to a predetermined pressure during operation of the air-conditioning compressor, the air-conditioning compressor is stopped during a first time period, the air-conditioning compressor is operated during a second time period regardless of the predetermined condition after the first time period has elapsed, and operation of the air-conditioning compressor is controlled in accordance the states of the predetermined condition being established after the second time period has elapsed.