Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a CMP polishing liquid used for polishing a polishing target surface having at least a cobalt-containing portion and a metal-containing portion that contains a metal other than cobalt, wherein the CMP polishing liquid contains polishing particles, a metal corrosion inhibitor and water, and has a pH of 4.0 or less, and when the corrosion potential EA of cobalt and the corrosion potential EB of the metal are measured in the CMP polishing liquid, the absolute value of the corrosion potential difference EA?EB between the corrosion potential EA and the corrosion potential EB is 0˜300 mV.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a CMP polishing liquid used for polishing a polishing target surface having at least a cobalt-containing portion and a metal-containing portion that contains a metal other than cobalt, wherein the CMP polishing liquid contains polishing particles, a metal corrosion inhibitor and water, and has a pH of 4.0 or less, and when the corrosion potential EA of cobalt and the corrosion potential EB of the metal are measured in the CMP polishing liquid, the absolute value of the corrosion potential difference EA?EB between the corrosion potential EA and the corrosion potential EB is 0˜300 mV.

Abstract: A CMP polishing liquid for polishing a ruthenium-based metal, comprising polishing particles, an acid component, an oxidizing agent, a triazole-based compound, a quaternary phosphonium salt and water, wherein the acid component contains at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, monocarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids having a plurality of carboxyl groups and having no hydroxyl group, and salts thereof, the polishing particles have a negative zeta potential in the CMP polishing liquid, and the pH of the CMP polishing liquid is 3.0 or more and less than 7.0.

Abstract: A CMP polishing liquid for polishing a ruthenium-based metal, comprising polishing particles, an acid component, an oxidizing agent, and water, wherein the acid component contains at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, monocarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids having a plurality of carboxyl groups and having no hydroxyl group, and salts thereof, the polishing particles have a negative zeta potential in the CMP polishing liquid, and the pH of the CMP polishing liquid is less than 7.0.

Abstract: A method and a system wherein IC card information can be changed in either of two ways is provided. The information stored in an IC card can be changed independently of the information that a center facility maintains, and then the corresponding IC card information maintained by the center facility is updated to reflect the changes made in the IC card. Alternatively, the IC card information maintained in the center facility is changed, and then the corresponding information in the IC card is updated to reflect those changes.

Abstract: A transaction processing method is provided for a transaction management system which processes transactions using settlement cards. In the transaction processing method, a transaction process is executed based on individual control information that is input at each transaction and transaction information for the transaction. A judgment is made based on the transaction information whether or not the transaction satisfies at least one count-up condition indicating a predetermined range of transaction types. When the transaction meets the count-up condition, numerical information indicative of the number of transactions satisfying the count-up conditions is added. A determination is made whether or not a numerical value represented by the numerical information after the addition is within a range specified by extraction conditions.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a method and system is provided wherein IC card information can be changed in either of two ways: (1) the information stored in IC card is changed independently of the information that the center facility maintains, and then the corresponding IC card information maintained by the center facility is updated to reflect the changes made in the IC card, and (2) the IC card information maintained in the center apparatus is changed, and then the corresponding information in the IC card is updated to reflect the changes made in the center apparatus.

Abstract: An electronic settlement system processes settlements that are conducted using credit cards through a communication line connecting a server of a credit card company to card-processing devices of member stores or terminals of customers. The electronic settlement system includes a device that provides personal information of customers to member stores based on the agreement by the customers to provide such personal information, and a device that provide the customers with preferred services either from the credit card company or the member stores in exchange for the personal information provided. Furthermore, the electronic settlement system may includes a device at the card company to receive fees for providing the member stores with the personal information of the customers. The electronic settlement system enables the customers to receive services, the member stores to utilize accurate personal information, and the card company to receive fees from the member stores.

Abstract: A transaction processing method is provided for a transaction management system which processes transactions using settlement cards. In the transaction processing method, a transaction process is executed based on individual control information that is input at each transaction and transaction information for the transaction. A judgment is made based on the transaction information whether or not the transaction satisfies at least one count-up condition indicating a predetermined range of transaction types. When the transaction meets the count-up condition, numerical information indicative of the number of transactions satisfying the count-up conditions is added. A determination is made whether or not a numerical value represented by the numerical information after the addition is within a range specified by extraction conditions.

Abstract: A virtual company acting as an intermediary for transactions manages accounts receivable and the accounts payable accrued between a seller organization and a buyer organization based on the ordering and order-receiving data, transfers funds and provides the financial services based on the accounts receivable. The virtual company relays the data from a party in transactions to the other party, prepares the accounts payable data and the payment management data for the buyer organization and sends them to the buyer organization, while preparing the inspected goods accounts receivable data and the receipts management data for the seller organization and sends them to the seller organization. The virtual company requests a bank to transfer funds, and notifies the seller organization that the financial services are available for the seller organization based on the accounts receivable accrued to the seller organization before the payment.

Abstract: A point exchange site receive point exchange request from a member as a customer via a member terminal in the point exchange site or via a terminal such as a personal computer near the member. The point exchange site notifies the exchange request to each card company for the exchange request. Each card company converts the exchange point value according to an exchange rate to update a point balance, increased or decreased, of the customer. Or, the card company notifies the new exchange point value resultant from the conversion to the point exchange site. According to responses from the card companies, the point exchange site completes the point exchange for the card of the customer and notifies the point exchange completion to the customer.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a method and system is provided wherein IC card information can be changed in either of two ways: (1) the information stored in IC card is changed independently of the information that the center facility maintains, and then the corresponding IC card information maintained by the center facility is updated to reflect the changes made in the IC card, and (2) the IC card information maintained in the center apparatus is changed, and then the corresponding information in the IC card is updated to reflect the changes made in the center apparatus.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, accounting system terminals of companies having mutual transactions and a bond service handling server at a bond company are interconnected via a network. A company which intends to enter transactions opens, beforehand, a securities deposit account at the bond company by buying investment trust or the like. A company having trade accounts receivable or payable connects its accounting system terminal to the bond service handling server via the network, and requests the server to settle transactions utilizing the securities deposit account. In settling the trade accounts receivable and payable, the requested securities service handling server performs the fund transfer through sale and purchase of bonds, such as investment trust possessed by respective companies, from the proper deposit account, thus, increasing and reducing the balance of the respective securities deposit accounts.

Abstract: Information of credit cards from a plurality of card companies is previously stored in an IC card, and information of a member who possesses the IC card having a plurality of credit card functions is previously registered in a card company processor. When the IC card is used in a member shop, a terminal in the member shop identifies that the IC card has a plurality of credit card functions, and when carrying out the transaction between a customer and the member shop, establishes the connection to the card company processor. The card company processor establishes the communication with a card company processor specified by the customer. Accordingly, a plurality of credit card functions are provided in one IC card with a plurality of account numbers corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A budget compilation process for executing budget compilation for a plurality of bank branch offices is executed in parallel at the same time. Process conditions (participant clients in the budget compilation process, and etc.) are inputted to an input/output control unit, and in accordance with the process conditions, a data server starts up a client to execute the budget compilation process. By referring to a scheduling file formed by a budget compilation process start-up unit, the client determines a branch office for which the budget compilation process is executed. In this manner, clients execute the budget compilation process for the subject branch offices in parallel at the same time. The execution state of the budget compilation process can be monitored on a display screen, and an operator can instruct to stop the operation of the whole network at the intermediate of the operation.