Abstract: Disclosed is a safe and efficient process for producing N-polyoxy-alkylated polyamides which comprises reacting polyamide in powder form under a temperature below the melting point of the polyamide with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, and in a medium such as specificed cyclic ethers or specified alkyleneglycol dialkyl ethers.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a macrocyclic ester compound comprises decomposing and cyclizing linear ester compounds, from high to low condensate, to the macrocyclic ester, with the addition of glycol or oligoester compound of which the component is similar as those of said linear ester compounds. By this addition the reaction proceeds easily for a long time, and its efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A photoresist processing solution includes a 2-hydroxyethyl-(mono-or polyoxyethyl) trialkyl ammonium hydroxide and is used in a process for development of photoresists having a solubility in aqueous alkaline solution which is a function of exposure to light.

Abstract: An ether compound is advantageously produced by an ether exchange reaction of a different ether compound and a hydroxy group containing compound in the presence of a heteropoly acid or an acidic salt thereof as the catalyst. The catalyst is novel and is extremely effective to the present process and brings about less by-products compared to other processes or other catalysts.

Abstract: Hollow water-absorbing polyester filaments, each having fine pores evenly distributed throughout the filament and extending approximately in parallel to the filament axis, are produced by melt-spinning a blend of a polyester and a pore-forming agent consisting of at least one sulfonate compound of the formula:R'SO.sub.3 M'wherein R' is an alkyl radical having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or an aryl or alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms and M' is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and by removing at least a portion of the sulfonate compound from the hollow filaments by using an alkali aqueous solution so as to cause a number of fine pores to be formed in the hollow filaments and to cause each hollow to be connected to the outside of the filament through the fine pores.

Abstract: A fire-retardant polyester composition comprising a fiber-forming linear polyester having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.1 and a fire retardant containing phosphorus and bromine, wherein at least 70 mole % of the polyester consists of a recurring unit of the formula ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 2 to 6, and the fire retardant is a copolyphosphonate composed of 1 mole of a recurring unit of the formula ##STR2## wherein Y represents an isopropylidene or sulfonyl group, and R represents a phenyl or benzyl group,and 0.25 to 10 moles of a recurring unit of the formula ##STR3## wherein R represents a phenyl or benzyl group, the proportion of the fire retardant being 1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyester.