Abstract: The present invention relates to an OFA having a high signal gain, easily manufactured, having a high mechanical strength, having a small splice loss with respect to other optical fibers, and rarely encountering the occurrence of noise at a signal wavelength. The OFA according to the present invention has a function of amplifying signals propagating therethroug by pumping light supplied thereto, and comprises, at least, a core region, an inner cladding region provided on the periphery of the core region, an outer cladding region provided on the periphery of the inner cladding region, and one or more node coupling gratings. An element for signal amplification is added to at least the core region. The core region has a structure ensuring a core mode with respect to the signals, while the inner cladding region has a structure ensuring a multi-mode with respect to the pumping light.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a process for producing the same, and a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image using the same are provided, in which the toner flowability, the charging property, the developing property, the transferring property and the fixing property are simultaneously satisfied in a long period of time. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a colored particles containing a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, the external additive containing a monodisperse spherical inorganic oxide having a true specific gravity of from 1.3 to 1.9 and a volume average particle diameter of from 80 to 300 nm. It is preferred that the inorganic oxide is silica, the colored particles have a shape coefficient of 125 or less, and the external additive further contains a reaction product of metatitanic acid and a coupling agent, which has an electric resistance of 1010 &OHgr;·cm or more.

Abstract: A carrier for the development of an electrostatic latent image, comprising a core material and a resin coating the core material therewith, wherein the coating resin comprises a copolymer of at least four kinds of monomers including: (1) a monomer containing a carboxyl group; (2) an acrylic acid alkylester monomer or methacrylic acid alkylester monomer, containing a C1-C3 linear alkyl group; (3) an acrylic acid alkylester monomer or methacrylic acid alkylester monomer, containing a C4-C10 linear alkyl group or C3-C10 branched alkyl group; and (4) a monomer containing fluorine. Also disclosed is a two-component developer for the development of an electrostatic latent image, comprising a toner and the carrier.

Abstract: A radio communication device is provided with a unit for acquiring a prediction information for a frequency, time or direction to be used by each one of the first radio control scheme of the radio communication device and a second radio control scheme of another surrounding radio communication device, and a unit for obtaining a predicted frequency, time or direction for which interferences between radio communications by the first radio control scheme and radio communications by the second radio control scheme are predicted to occur according to the prediction information, and control the radio communication unit to carry out radio communications by avoiding the predicted frequency, time or direction.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic developer and a process for forming an image, an electrophotographic toner used therein contains spherical toner parent particles and two or more kinds of inorganic particles having different average particle diameters, at least one kind of the inorganic fine particles being spherical particles having an average primary particle diameter of about 80 to 300 nm, and the inorganic particles containing the spherical particles being attached to the toner parent particles to provide a structure satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2):

Abstract: A cleaning blade for a latent image holding member, an apparatus for forming an image and a process for forming an image are provided at a low cost, in which even in an apparatus for forming an image using a spherical toner, good cleaning property of the latent image holding member is ensured irrespective to the temperature environment upon use without deteriorating an image quality. The cleaning blade for removing a remaining toner by making in contact with a latent image holding member under pressure, as well as an apparatus for forming an image and a process for forming an image using the same are provided. The cleaning blade contains an elastic material having a 300% modulus of about from 14,700 to 29,400 kPa and a tearing strength of about 68,600 N/m or more.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a process for producing the same, and a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image using the same are provided, in which the toner flowability, the charging property, the developing property, the transferring property and the fixing property are simultaneously satisfied in a long period of time. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a colored particles containing a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, the external additive containing a monodisperse spherical inorganic oxide having a true specific gravity of from 1.3 to 1.9 and a volume average particle diameter of from 80 to 300 nm. It is preferred that the inorganic oxide is silica, the colored particles have a shape coefficient of 125 or less, and the external additive further contains a reaction product of metatitanic acid and a coupling agent, which has an electric resistance of 1010 &OHgr;cm or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic developer is provided that attains improvement in reliability by improvement in cleaning property and reduction in wear of a photoreceptor in a well-balanced manner without impairing high transfer efficiency and high image quality of a spherical toner.

Abstract: A communication scheme for improving the performance of communications utilizing the transport layer connection provided via a radio network, by enabling a control of the transport layer connection according to the radio communication state and property of the radio terminal, without changing implementation of the transport layer of a terminal connected to a wire network. The gateway device is provided with a control unit for controlling a connection in the radio transport layer protocol according an information regarding a radio communication state of the radio terminal device, where the information regarding the radio communication state of the radio terminal device is notified from either a radio base station device covering a radio service area in which the radio terminal device is located or a home location register for carrying out at least registration and management of the radio terminal device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an amplification optical fiber that is suitable for amplification of signals in the L-band, that has the effect of suppressing normal four-wave mixing (FWM) occurring between signals, and that has the structure for effectively suppressing occurrence of non-degenerative FWM as well, and a fiber optic amplifier including the same. A fiber optic amplifier according to the present invention incorporates an amplification optical fiber having a core region doped with a rare earth element, a zero-dispersion wavelength of not more than a wavelength of pumping light, and an effective cutoff wavelength of 1.1 &mgr;m or more but not more than the wavelength of the pumping light. Not only the normal FWM but also the non-degenerative FWM is effectively suppressed by application of the amplification optical fiber.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a process for producing the same, and a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image using the same are provided, in which the toner flowability, the charging property, the developing property, the transferring property and the fixing property are simultaneously satisfied in a long period of time. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a colored particles containing a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, the external additive containing a monodisperse spherical inorganic oxide having a true specific gravity of from 1.3 to 1.9 and a volume average particle diameter of from 80 to 300 nm. It is preferred that the inorganic oxide is silica, the colored particles have a shape coefficient of 125 or less, and the external additive further contains a reaction product of metatitanic acid and a coupling agent, which has an electric resistance of 1010 &OHgr;·cm or more.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical amplification fiber having a structure capable of exhibiting an excellent amplification characteristics, and the like. In the optical amplification fiber, the ratio (&agr;P/&agr;S) of an unsaturated absorption peak value &agr;P in a pumping light wavelength band of 0.98 &mgr;m to an unsaturated absorption peak value as in a signal wavelength band of 1.55 &mgr;m is 0.8 or more and, more preferably, 0.9 or more.

Abstract: A cleaning blade for a latent image holding member, an apparatus for forming an image and a process for forming an image are provided at a low cost, in which even in an apparatus for forming an image using a spherical toner, good cleaning property of the latent image holding member is ensured irrespective to the temperature environment upon use without deteriorating an image quality. The cleaning blade for removing a remaining toner by making in contact with a latent image holding member under pressure, as well as an apparatus for forming an image and a process for forming an image using the same are provided. The cleaning blade contains an elastic material having a 300% modulus of about from 14,700 to 29,400 kPa and a tearing strength of about 68,600 N/m or more.

Abstract: An electronic service system is formed such that the personal authentication information such as user ID and password registered at one site can be utilized in carrying out the electronic commerce or the electronic service at another site, by transferring the user information between a plurality of EC sites safely.

Abstract: This invention relates to an amplification optical fiber which requires no gain equalizer and has a flat gain spectrum and high polarization extinction ratio, and the like. The amplification optical fiber has a core region included in a light propagation region through which signals having different wavelengths propagate, a cladding region around the core region, and a polarization maintaining structure for maintaining the polarized states of the signals. The amplification optical fiber is mainly comprised of silica glass, and Er and Al of 4 wt % or more are doped into at least part of the light propagation region including the core region.

Abstract: An optical fiber is rolled by a swing motion of a swing guide roller in order to impart a predetermined twist to it effectively, and its polarization dispersion is suppressed equivalently as in a perfectly circular concentric optical fiber. A method of manufacturing such an optical fiber is also provided. As a swing guide roller swings, the optical fiber is rolled on its roller surface, so that a clockwise twist and a counterclockwise twist are imparted to the optical fiber alternately. At this time, the optical fiber is fitted in a V-shaped narrow groove formed at the central portion of the roller surface of a next-stage first stationary guide roller provided just beside the swing guide roller. Rolling of the optical fiber on the roller surface of the first stationary guide roller is suppressed, thereby helping smooth rolling of the optical fiber on the roller surface of the swing guide roller.

Abstract: A packet relay device for processing a request message of a prescribed protocol on behalf of a radio terminal is provided at a first sub-network which is capable of communications in the downlink direction with respect to the radio terminal only. Then, a request message encapsulated in an IP packer is transferred from the radio terminal to the packet relay device through the second sub-network which is capable of communications in both uplink direction and the downlink direction with respect to the radio terminal, and a response message corresponding to the request message is transferred from the packet relay device to the radio terminal, so that it becomes possible for the radio terminal to execute a prescribed protocol with respect to the first sub-network.

Abstract: In a gateway device for carrying out a data relaying at a transport or upper layer between a first terminal device and a second terminal device which are capable of carrying out communications through networks, information regarding a security association set up between the first terminal device and the second terminal device in order to carry out communications with guaranteed data secrecy or in order to carry out communications with guaranteed data authenticity managed, and the decryption/encryption processing or the authentication processing is carried out according to the managed information regarding the security association along with the data relaying at the transport or upper layer.

Abstract: In a communication device using a communication protocol with data loss compensation functions provided at both an upper layer and a lower layer, a transmission order among packets to be transmitted is controlled at the lower layer, according to the transmission states of upper layer connections to which the packets belong, such that when there is at least one non-transmitted packet for each one of at least two different upper layer connections, at least two packets to be transmitted consecutively are belonging to different upper layer connections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an OFA having a high signal gain, easily manufactured, having a high mechanical strength, having a small splice loss with respect to other optical fibers, and rarely encountering the occurrence of noise at a signal wavelength. The OFA according to the present invention has a function of amplifying signals propagating therethroug by pumping light supplied thereto, and comprises, at least, a core region, an inner cladding region provided on the periphery of the core region, an outer cladding region provided on the periphery of the inner cladding region, and one or more node coupling gratings. An element for signal amplification is added to at least the core region. The core region has a structure ensuring a core mode with respect to the signals, while the inner cladding region has a structure ensuring a multi-mode with respect to the pumping light.