Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit. The transfer unit includes a bias power supply and transfers a developed image onto a transfer body. The bias power supply includes a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit, a threshold setting unit, a detector, and an output controller. The first power supply unit generates a transfer electric field. The second power supply unit generates a non-transfer electric field. The threshold setting unit has a first threshold and a second threshold, and performs a change from the first threshold to the second threshold when switching from the non-transfer electric field to the transfer electric field is performed. The detector detects the current which is caused to flow by the first power supply unit. The output controller controls the first power supply unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit. The transfer unit includes a bias power supply and transfers a developed image onto a transfer body. The bias power supply includes a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit, a threshold setting unit, a detector, and an output controller. The first power supply unit generates a transfer electric field. The second power supply unit generates a non-transfer electric field. The threshold setting unit has a first threshold and a second threshold, and performs a change from the first threshold to the second threshold when switching from the non-transfer electric field to the transfer electric field is performed. The detector detects the current which is caused to flow by the first power supply unit. The output controller controls the first power supply unit.

Abstract: A tar removing cigarette holder assembled of a body having a cylindrical bore and a cup portion formed integrally therewith and located in the bore, the cup portion being open toward one end of the bore and defining a first annular space with the bore wall and having at least one partial cut away at the annular open edge thereof and a closed end wall portion, a mouthpiece member attached to the other end of the body, and a partition member inserted into the bore with an annular disk portion tightly engaged with the bore wall so as to close the open end of the cup portion and a central tubular projection extended into the cup portion and defining a second annular space with the cylindrical wall portion of the cup portion, the first and second annular spaces being in communication through the cut away of the cup portion.

Abstract: A cigarette holder substantially made of an integrally formed body member which includes an outer hollow cylindrical portion with both of its ends open, the inner space within which is divided into a radially larger bore and a radially smaller bore by a transverse dividing wall portion, from which an inner cylinder portion extends coaxially for a certain distance into the radially smaller bore so as to define a narrow annular space therebetween. An outer peripheral portion of the dividing wall portion is pierced with a groove which extends axially from the radially larger bore side of the dividing wall portion toward the radially smaller bore beyond the thickness of the dividing wall portion, the groove having a radial depth larger than a half of the difference of the diameters of the radially larger and smaller bores, thereby defining a restriction passage which generates a high speed flow of smoke towards the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylindrical member.

Abstract: The outer shell of a removable smoke filtering cartridge for fitting inside a cigarette holder is formed from two coaxially abutting tubes separated by a wall with a hole. A tubular inner lip around the hole extends into the space within the first tube, a trough being defined around this lip. A cup is mounted within the first tube remote and facing away from the wall, intercepting across the first tube except for one or more narrow spaces defined between the cup and the first tube inner wall. The parts of these narrow spaces nearer the wall communicate to the space between the cup and the wall. One or more small apertures are formed through the side wall of the cup and communicate the space within the cup to the narrow spaces. A disk is mounted across the first tube against the side of the cup remote from the wall.