Abstract: Keys, which are incorporated in an automatic player piano, are monitored with an optical transducer system. The optical transducer system includes sensor heads provided on both sides of the key trajectories, LEDs connected to predetermined sensor heads through optical fibers, LDDs connected to the other sensor heads through optical fibers and a controlling unit. A luminescence controller is connected to the LEDs for optimizing the luminescence, and bias controllers are respectively connected to the LDDs. The luminescence controller and bias controllers optimize the luminescence of emitted light and the bias level of electric signals so that the optical transducer system is free from the individuality of component parts and the deterioration.

Abstract: Keys, which are incorporated in an automatic player piano, are monitored with an optical transducer system; the optical transducer system includes sensor heads provided on both sides of the key trajectories, LEDs connected to predetermined sensor heads through optical fibers, LDDs connected to the other sensor heads through optical fibers and a controlling unit; a luminescence controller is connected to the LEDs for optimizing the luminescence, and bias controllers are respectively connected to the LDDs; the luminescence controller and bias controllers optimize the luminescence of emitted light and the bias level of electric signals so that the optical transducer system is free from the individuality of component parts and aged deterioration.

Abstract: A reagent for determining lipase activity, which comprises as the active ingredient one of the S-acyl compounds of the formula: ##EQU1## WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER OF 2 TO 4, INCLUSIVE; N' IS AN INTEGER OF 2 TO 4, INCLUSIVE OR OF 9 TO 13, INCLUSIVE; M IS AN INTEGER OF 3, 7 OR 11; M' IS AN INTEGER OF 4 OR 12; Y IS AN INTEGER OF 1 OR 2; X is sulfur atom or oxygen atom; Y is sulfur atom, oxygen atom or ethylene group; provided that when y is 1, m' is 4 and when y is 2, m' is 12, and a method for determining lipase activity by reacting the S-acyl compound with lipase in a buffer solution containing a chromogenic sulfhydryl reagent and then subjecting the resultant to a colorimetry.

Abstract: New .omega.-(N-acylamino)alkylphosphoryl ethanolamines and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts have superior renin-inhibitory activities, antihypertensive activities and cholesterol-lowering activities. The .omega.-(N-acylamino)alkylphosphoryl ethanolamines are prepared by (1) reacting an .omega.-(N-acylamino) alkanol with a 2-(N-substituted amino)ethyl phosphate or its derivative, hydrolyzing the resulting product or splitting off the phosphoric acid-protective group of the resulting product thereby to form an .omega.-(N-acylamino) alkyl 2-(N-substituted amino) ethyl phosphate, and splitting off the amino-protective groups of the resulting phosphate, or (2) reacting an .omega.-(N-acylamino) alkanol with a phosphorus oxyhalide, reacting the resulting .omega.-(N-acylamino)alkyl dichlorophosphate with a 2-(N-substituted amino) ethanol, hydrolyzing the reaction product to form an .omega.