Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve projection type image display apparatus comprises an electro-optic element and a Schlieren optical system. The electro-optic element has a liquid crystal layer having a dielectric and optical anisotropy. An electric field having a spatial intensity distribution according to an image signal is applied to said liquid crystal at a spatial period, so that a spatially phase-modulated phase diffraction grating is formed in the liquid crystal layer. Thus, a projected image in enlarged form is obtained. The fact that the electric field with a spatial period is applied to the liquid crystal leads to a constant light diffraction angle, and the modulation of the diffraction light intensity in the applied electric field enables an image corresponding to the input image signal to be projected at high light utilization.

Abstract: In a solid-state image pickup device of the type in which a photoconductive substance is formed as a photosensor on a scanning device consisting of charge-transfer elements or MOS matrix elements, light shielding means are provided in order to optically shield the boundaries or spacing between first electrodes each of which represents a picture element and which electrically couples between the scanning device and the photosensor, whereby a high resolution can be obtained and concurrently effects of blooming can be remarkably improved.

Abstract: A semiconductor device utilizing amorphous Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x (0.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.1) containing hydrogen. Through a high frequency glow discharge process or a high frequency sputtering process, the composition x is varied to form a heterojunction between amorphous Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x layers, and electrodes are mounted to the layers to complete the device. The amorphous material is desirably selected to have a forbidden band width of 1.7 to 3.2 eV so that the sensitivity of the device can cover the visible range. Because of the amorphous layers, freedom of type and shape of the substrate of the device is large. The dark resistance of the layers is large to improve the photoconductive characteristics of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: In a solid-state image pickup device of the type in which a photosensitive or photoconductive film is formed over a substrate capable of charge-transfer or X-Y address scanning and an electrode is formed over the photosensitive or photoconductive film, a means for applying to the electrode a voltage having an amplitude proportional to the amount of incident light, whereby blooming may be minimized and an automatic aperture control function may be attained. Because the voltage applied to the electrode over the photosensitive or photoconductive film is set so that the sensitivity of the photoconductive film may be decreased when a light image of high intensity falls on the device, blooming may be avoided.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensor is provided, which has a high spectral response over the whole visible light range and wherein a photoconductor layer having a hetero-junction defined by a hole blocking layer and a layer consisting of a system (Zn.sub.1-x Cd.sub.x Te).sub.1-y (In.sub.2 Te.sub.3).sub.y is formed over a semiconductor substrate which has charge transfer type unit cells or X-Y switching matrix type unit cells.

Abstract: An electronic display device is described in which the counter-electrode is made of a layer of porous metal which is electrochemically irreversible as well as a display electrode and an electrolyte containing an electrochromic substance capable of reversibly displaying color together with a solution of metal ions of the porous metal counter electrode. The electrodes and electrolyte are contained within a cell in which, during operation, an electric double layer is formed on the surface of the porous metal counter-electrode.

Abstract: This invention relates to a primary battery containing an anode material composed of a light material such as lithium, sodium or magnesium, characterized in that an iodine-added charge transfer complex having quaternary ammonium group is employed as its cathode active material.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structures having a suitable geometrical configuration are directly formed on one major surface of a substrate so that an epitaxial molecular beam may be incident on preselected regions, and the angles of incidence of epitaxial molecular beams are varied. As a result the arrival rates of molecular beams are varied from one region to another on the substrate so that a three-dimensional epitaxial layer in which the physical properties are different from one region of a submicron across to another may be grown.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a picture image display device constituted a control electrode for taking out an electron beam from a flat electron source and a display plate for emitting light in accordance with the impinging of the electron beam. The picture image display device has a control for deflecting the electron beam before it reaches the display plate, a plural number of slits are provided in an insulating substrate, on the wall surfaces of which slits are electron beam controlling electrodes.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition comprising at least one of the compounds of the formula, ##STR1## wherein X is methyl or chlorine, Y is a normal-C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 group wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8, provided that when X is methyl n is an integer of 2 to 8, and when X is chlorine n is an integer of 1 to 6. The nematic liquid crystal composition is operable over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for fabrication of dielectric optical waveguide devices by utilizing selective epitaxial growth. Concentrated energy such as an electron or laser beam is focused on a predetermined region on the surface of a substrate during the epitaxial growth with the application of molecular beams so that the mixed crystal grown in the irradiated region may have a chemical composition different from that of the mixed crystal grown on the non-irradiated region. Since this process permits to overlaying the embedded waveguides one upon another, complex optical waveguide devices can be fabricated in a simple manner.

Abstract: In the firing of a cerium-activated Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 system phosphor such as Y.sub.2 SiO.sub.5 :Ce and Y.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.7 :Ce, the improvement of adding BaF.sub.2 in a mol ratio of BaF.sub.2 /Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 of 0.01-0.1 is disclosed which increases the luminosity, emission intensity or both of the phosphor. Phosphors having improved properties are conveniently prepared according to the disclosed process.

Abstract: Apparatus driving liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer provided with electrodes on its two opposite surfaces, comprising means for applying a first signal for designating the electrode position and a voltage signal having a higher frequency to the electrodes on one surface, and for applying an input signal and the signal of said higher frequency to the electrodes on the other surface. The signals are controlled by another signal of different frequency to drive the display device with an ac voltage. Temperature compensation can be performed by varying the magnitude or the frequency of the voltage signal according to the temperature level.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising a glass substrate and an opaque ceramic substrate both provided with electrodes, and a nematic liquid crystal contained in the gap between the substrates, in which the orientation of the nematic liquid crystal molecules is controlled by applying an electric voltage between the electrodes to achieve colored display against the color of the ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A non-liquid crystal organic compound having positive dielectric anisotropy is mixed with a nematic liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy, which is used as an electro-optical element. Thus, the present invention aims at development of new use of the materials.

Abstract: An electro-optical display device which has linear polarizer, a 1/4-spectrum plate, a twisted nematic electro-optical cell disposed between the polarizer and the 1/4-spectrum plate, and a power source for applying an electric field to the cell.This device is for control, electrically, of the rotational direction of circular polarization and for electro-optical display of colors.

Abstract: A target for an image pickup tube having high sensitivity, low dark current and low amount of lag-image is manufactured by forming a hetero-junction by the evaporation process. A first layer of ZnS.sub.x Se.sub.1.sub.-x or Zn.sub.u Cd.sub.1.sub.-u S (wherein 0 .ltoreq. x .ltoreq. 1 and 0 .ltoreq. u .ltoreq. 1) is deposited on a light transmitting substrate having a coefficient of linear expansion of 56 .times. 10.sup..sup.-7 /.degree.C - 110 .times. 10.sup..sup.-7 /.degree.C and a second layer of (Zn.sub.y Cd.sub.1.sub.-y Te).sub.z (In.sub.2 Te.sub.3).sub.1.sub.-z (wherein 0.1 .ltoreq. y .ltoreq. 0.9 and 0.7 .ltoreq. z .ltoreq. 1) is deposited on the first layer. The substrate is then heat treated in an inert gas atmosphere or under vacuum at a temperature of 350.degree.-650.degree.C, preferably 500.degree.-600.degree.C for a time period of 5-90 minutes, preferably 5-15 minutes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of transparent substrates each provided with a transparent conductive film on the interior surface, boron nitride coating layers disposed on inner surfaces of the substrates and the conductive films, and a liquid crystal material interposed between the coating layers, the boron nitride layer being given preferred directions for aligning the molecules of the liquid crystal material. This structure increases the chemical stability and improves the alignment of the molecules of the liquid crystal material to a great extent.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising two glass substrate plates positioned in parallel with each other at a nearly constant interval and a liquid crystal interposed between said glass substrate plates, an electrode being provided on each of the opposite surfaces of said glass substrate plates and a voltage being applied between said electrodes, "haze" which appears at the display surface can be removed by using a liquid crystal composition containing one or more additives capable of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules (namely, capable of forming a perpendicular orientation phase).

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition comprises a liquid crystal and a carboxylic acid or its ester as an additive. By the presence of the additive, the longitudinal axes of liquid crystal molecules can be spontaneously oriented in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a holding wall of a liquid crystal display plate. In particular, the additives may be esters of p-hydroxy- or m-hydroxy-benzoic acid, phenylacetic acids having 1 or 2 hydroxy groups or their esters, phenylpropionic acids having 1 or 2 hydroxy groups or their esters, or 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid esters, or said additives may be selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formulae: ##SPC1##Wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a normal alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, hydroxy, a normal alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a normal alkoxy group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms; R.sub.6 is hydrogen, hydroxy or nitro; n.sub.1 is 1 or 2: and n.sub.2 is 0, 1 or 2.