Abstract: An electrostatic-image-developing toner includes a binder resin that contains a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin; and a coloring agent, wherein the crystalline polyester resin has a melting temperature Tmc of about 25° C. or greater but not greater than about 50° C., and a content of the crystalline polyester resin in the electrostatic-image-developing toner is about 3 wt % or greater but not greater than about 15 wt. %.

Abstract: Silica particles have a volume average particle diameter in a range of from about 80 nm to about 300 nm, an average degree of circularity in a range of from about 0.920 to about 0.935, and a geometric standard deviation of the degree of circularity in a range of from about 1.02 to about 1.15.

Abstract: An electrostatic-image-developing toner includes a binder resin that contains a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin; and a coloring agent, wherein the crystalline polyester resin has a melting temperature Tmc of about 25° C. or greater but not greater than about 50° C., and a content of the crystalline polyester resin in the electrostatic-image-developing toner is about 3 wt % or greater but not greater than about 15 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for developing electrostatic latent images containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, a releasing agent, and a graft polymer that has been made by graft polymerization of a resin matrix and a macromonomer including at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a pyrolidonyl group, and a production method thereof. The invention further provides an electrostatic latent image developer using the toner, an image forming method using the toner, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner having a releasing agent, a binder resin and a colorant. The binder resin is contained in a form of particles, surfaces of which have 1.2 times or greater amount of a polar group-containing compound, or of a cross-linked compound, than insides thereof. A viscosity of the releasing agent, as determined by using a type-E viscometer provided with a cone plate having a cone angle of 1.34 degrees at 140° C., is 1.5 to 5.0 mPa·S. The present invention further provides a developer containing a carrier and the toner. The present invention further provides an image forming method that utilizes the developer.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic latent image development containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, wherein [Fe]/[C] satisfies the following formula (1) where [C] indicates the carbon content (%) and [Fe] indicates the iron content (%) of the toner determined through X-ray fluorescence analysis, 0.00005?[Fe]/[C]?0.0002.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for electrostatically charged image development comprising at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent. The releasing agent satisfies the following equations (1) and (2): 0.1??*a?1.0??(1) 1.1??*b/?*a?3.5??(2) wherein ?*a represents a complex viscosity (Pa·s) determined from a first dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measuring frequency of the releasing agent of 6.28 rad/s, ?*b represents a complex viscosity (Pa·s) determined from a second dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measuring frequency of the releasing agent of 62.8 rad/s, and each of the first and second dynamic viscoelasticities is measured in a temperature range from a temperature that is 15° C. lower than the melting point of the releasing agent to a temperature that is 15° C. higher than the melting point of the releasing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner for developing electrostatic latent images containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, a releasing agent, and a graft polymer that has been made by graft polymerization of a resin matrix and a macromonomer including at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a pyrolidonyl group, and a production method thereof. The invention further provides an electrostatic latent image developer using the toner, an image forming method using the toner, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic latent image development containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, wherein [Fe]/[C] satisfies the following formula (1) where [C] indicates the carbon content (%) and [Fe] indicates the iron content (%) of the toner determined through X-ray fluorescence analysis, 0.00005?[Fe]/[C]?0.0002??(1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner having a releasing agent, a binder resin and a colorant. The binder resin is contained in a form of particles, surfaces of which have 1.2 times or greater amount of a polar group-containing compound, or of a cross-linked compound, than insides thereof. A viscosity of the releasing agent, as determined by using a type-E viscometer provided with a cone plate having a cone angle of 1.34 degrees at 140° C., is 1.5 to 5.0 mPa·S. The present invention further provides a developer containing a carrier and the toner. The present invention further provides an image forming method that utilizes the developer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner for electrostatically charged image development comprising at least a binder resin, a colorant and a releasing agent. The releasing agent satisfies the following equations (1) and (2): 0.1??*a?1.0??(1) 1.1??*b/?*a?3.5??(2) wherein ?*a represents a complex viscosity (Pa·s) determined from a first dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measuring frequency of the releasing agent of 6.28 rad/s, ?*b represents a complex viscosity (Pa·) determined from a second dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measuring frequency of the releasing agent of 62.8 rad/s, and each of the first and second dynamic viscoelasticities is measured in a temperature range from a temperature that is 15° C. lower than the melting point of the releasing agent to a temperature that is 15° C. higher than the melting point of the releasing agent.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is provided that is excellent in releasing property upon fixing and shape controllability upon production of the toner. The toner for developing electrostatic latent image has a number average molecular weight in a range of from 10,000 to 30,000 and a ratio of a Z average molecular weight and a weight average molecular weight in a range of from 3.0 to 6.0.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image is provided that is excellent in releasing property upon fixing and shape controllability upon production of the toner. The toner for developing electrostatic latent image has a number average molecular weight in a range of from 10,000 to 30,000 and a ratio of a Z average molecular weight and a weight average molecular weight in a range of from 3.0 to 6.0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a bipolar charge transport layer with a hole-transporting property and an electron-transporting property, the bipolar charge transport layer containing a block copolymer or a graft copolymer, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has a high performance and a long life and can provide various properties required for a photoreceptor by forming, the bipolar charge transport layer which is excellent in hole- and electron-transporting properties, mechanical strengths, a discharge product resistance and a coating dispersion stability, and the process cartridge and the electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor can provide a high performance and a high durability.

Abstract: A charge transporting block and an insulating block are block copolymerized or graft copolymerized to form a charge transporting copolymer. The charge transporting polymers may be used in an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a charge transporting material useful as a material for organic electronic devices such as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an organic EL device, and an organic solar cell and a process for the preparation of charge transporting fine particles. The charge transporting material comprises charge transporting fine particles formed with a charge transporting organic compound as an essential component, said charge transporting organic compound being selected from high molecular compounds and low molecular compounds, each having a positive hole transporting property or electron transporting property. The fine particles are granulated by emulsion dispersion, with a preferred average particle size of 0.01 to 50 .mu.m, and particle size distribution of 1.0 to 2.0 in terms of the square root of the ratio of 90% average particle size to 10% average particle size of the total volume or total number of the fine particles.

Abstract: An excellent electrographic photosensitive member having a high sensitivity, a high chargeability and a low residual potential. The electrographic photosensitive member comprises a photosensitive layer, or a photosensitive layer and an underlayer superimposed over an electroconductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer and/or the underlayer contain a chlorogallium phthalocyanine which is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group and has the following formula: ##STR1## where X represents an electron-withdrawing group such as a halogen atom and n is an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals are produced by reacting a gallium trihalide with phthalonitrile or diiminoisoindoline in a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, treating the resulting halogenated gallium phthalocyanine with an amide solvent, and hydrolyzing the halogenated gallium phthalocyanine. The photoreceptor exhibits stabilized electrophotographic characteristics.

Abstract: Gallium phthalocyanine halide crystals wherein a part of the crystals are changed into hydroxygallium phthalocyanine is disclosed. A method for preparing gallium phthalocyanine halide crystals wherein gallium phthalocyanine halide crystals are brought into contact with water and a part of the crystals are changed into hydroxygallium phthalocyanine is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor formed by laminating at least a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer successively on a conductive support wherein the charge generating layer contains gallium phthalocyanine halide crystals An which a part of the crystals are changed into hydroxygallium phthalocyanine is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxygallium phthalocyanine comprising reacting a gallium trialkoxide and phthalonitrile or diiminoisoindoline in an alcohol solvent, preferably an alcohol having a boiling point of not lower than 150.degree. C., such as ethylene glycol, and hydrolyzing the resulting gallium phthalocyanine, preferably in an aqueous solution of an acid, such as sulfuric acid. The resulting hydroxygallium phthalocyanine exhibits stable electrophotographic characteristics, particularly photosensitivity, charging properties, and a dark decay rate.