Abstract: Provided is a damper that exerts a damping force with a simple structure using elastically deformable granular bodies. The damper includes a cylinder, a piston, a rod, a rod guide, and a plurality of granular bodies. The piston is housed in the cylinder and reciprocates in the central axis direction of the cylinder. The rod is connected to the piston. The rod extends in the central axis direction of the cylinder and protrudes to an outside from an open end side of the cylinder. The rod guide is fixed to the open end of the cylinder. The rod guide has a through hole which penetrates in the central axis direction of the cylinder and through which the rod is reciprocably inserted. The granular bodies are elastic bodies each having a spherical shape. The granular bodies are filled in the cylinder.

Abstract: A damper of the present invention includes: a damping portion that exerts a damping force by using a granular material at a time of extension and contraction; and an elastic portion that exerts an elastic force at the time of extension and contraction, wherein the damping portion is coupled to the elastic portion such that the damping force and the elastic force are exerted in parallel.

Abstract: Providing an overturn preventing device which can prevent an article from overturn while maintaining the mounted state against an earthquake or the like with multidirectional shaking. The overturn preventing device includes a damper and a pair of a first base and a second base. The damper is mounted between a top surface of a piece of furniture installed on a floor and a ceiling. Two ends of the damper are respectively coupled to the first and second bases so as to be swingable in multiple directions. The first base abuts against the top surface of the furniture and the second base abuts against the ceiling.

Abstract: Providing an overturn preventing device which can maintain a mounted state against earthquake or the like with multidirectional shaking and thereby can prevent an article from overturn. The overturn preventing device includes a damper and a pair of bases. The damper is mounted between a top surface of a piece of furniture installed on a floor and a ceiling. Both ends of the damper are respectively coupled to the bases so as to be rotatable about respective rotation axes. Furthermore, both ends of the damper are respectively coupled to the bases so as to be swingable in a direction intersecting a rotation direction. The first base abuts against the top surface of the furniture and the second base abuts against the ceiling.

Abstract: There is provided a purification apparatus that packages two apparatuses that respectively perform separation treatment and purification treatment into a single apparatus, to reduce a size of the apparatus and facilitate easier transportation to the site, and to improve a treatment amount of contaminated earth and sand per unit time. The purification apparatus includes a drum rotatable around an axis, a sieve having a cylindrical shape and being fixedly accommodated in the drum, a first blade having a spiral shape and being provided between the drum and the sieve, and the second blade having a spiral shape and being provided in the sieve. In the purification apparatus, soil charged into the sieve is separated with the sieve, only the contaminated earth and sand are gathered in a treatment tank between the drum and the sieve, and a chemical agent is introduced into the treatment tank for the purification treatment.

Abstract: Providing an overturn preventing device which can successfully prevent overturn of an article. The overturn preventing device includes a damper mounted between a piece of furniture and a ceiling and a setting member connected to both ends of the damper. The setting member has a first setting part body and a second setting part body. The first and second setting part bodies and of the setting member are spread when the overturn preventing device is mounted between the furniture and the ceiling. The setting member assumes such a shape as to extend in one direction when the first and second setting part bodies and are unspread.

Abstract: Providing an overturn preventing device which can successfully prevent overturn of an article. The overturn preventing device includes a damper mounted between a piece of furniture and a ceiling and a setting member connected to both ends of the damper. The setting member has a first setting part body and a second setting part body. The first and second setting part bodies and of the setting member are spread when the overturn preventing device is mounted between the furniture and the ceiling. The setting member assumes such a shape as to extend in one direction when the first and second setting part bodies and are unspread.

Abstract: A damper that includes a piston reciprocally movable in a cylinder thereby dividing an interior of the cylinder into a first chamber located at an open end side and a second chamber located at a closed end side, a piston rod having a distal end to which the piston is connected and a rear end side protruding outward from the open end of the cylinder, a rod guide fixed to the open end of the cylinder and having a through hole through which the piston rod is reciprocally movable, and a seal which is provided in the rod guide so as to be located at a position spaced away from an outer end of a sliding surface of the through hole to the first chamber side by a distance longer than a maximum stroke width of the piston rod.

Abstract: A first magnetic scale consisting of a plurality of non-magnetic parts are arranged axially at equidistant intervals, and a second magnetic scale consisting of a plurality of non-magnetic parts arranged axially at unequal intervals, are formed parallel to each other on a rod consisting of a magnetic material which can be displaced in the axial direction. The non-magnetic parts of the second scale are symmetrically disposed on both side of a predetermined position on the rod. First and second magnetic sensors are disposed in fixed positions facing the scales.

Abstract: A magnetic scale is formed by a plurality of non-magnetic parts arranged at equidistant intervals in all axial direction on a magnetic rod which displaces in the axial direction. The non-magnetic parts consist of first non-magnetic parts having a constant depth, and second non-magnetic parts having a different depth. A magnetic sensor which outputs a signal according to the depth and positional change of the non-magnetic parts is installed at a fixed position opposite the magnetic scale. Further provided are a mechanism for identifying a second non-magnetic part which has passed the magnetic sensor based on the output of the sensor, a memory for individually storing the absolute positions of the second non-magnetic parts, and a mechanism for calculating the displacement of the rod from the identified second non-magnetic part to its current position based oil the sensor output.

Abstract: A magnetically graduated steel bar is provided with a magnetic scale that has a steel composition consisting, on a weight basis, of 0.02-0.10% C, 0.50-1.0% Mn, 0.50-1.0% Si, 17-20% Cr, 5-8% Ni, 0.05-0.20% C plus N, and a balance of Fe and incidental impurities. The steel contains 30-60 vol % of a cold working induced martensite and is given a nonmagnetic austenitic structure by local melting. The steel bar has a tensile strength of at least 130 kgf/mm.sup.2 and a fatigue strength of at least 60 kgf/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A magnetic scale formed by arranging a non-magnetic material at a predetermined pitch in the direction of motion of a piston rod, and a pair of magnetic sensors which output two sine waves with a phase difference of 90.degree. corresponding to the pitch of said magnetic scale, are provided. The peak voltages of the sensor output at each pitch of the magnetic scale are updated and stored. Center voltages are computed from the peak voltages at each pitch, and a coarse displacement is computed based on the result of comparing the center voltages and sensor outputs. Correction coefficients of the sensor outputs are computed from the peak voltages and center voltages, and the sensor outputs are compensated based on these correction coefficients. A fine displacement is then computed by an inverse trigonometric function from the two corrected signals, and a displacement signal is output by adding the coarse displacement to the fine displacement.

Abstract: System for processing fine position signals pulse-width modulates signals from two magnetic sensors for producing sinusoidal wave signals different from each other in phase by a quarter cycle in correspondence with the scale pitches, then switches the phase so as to bring the pair of pulse-modulated signals in phase with each other, then calculates the weight constants for the pair of pulse-width modulated signals in phase in order that of said pair of pulse-width modulated signals in phase, any one having a higher linearity will be treated at a handsome rate, and then subjects said pulse-width modulated signals to weighted mean by the use of the resultant weight constants, with the result that the pair of pulse-width modulated signals will become free from disorder at the switching point, thereby producing signals of a high accuracy representing fine positions corresponding to the scale pitch divided at regular intervals.

Abstract: A cam plate type axial piston pump capable of operating a control lever operatively connected to a cam plate to control an inclination angle of the cam plate and control its discharge depending on the inclination angle. A piston pump of such type exhibits self-return force toward a position nearer its neutral point when it reaches a position near the neutral point. The pump of the present invention is so constructed that a thrust plate provided on a cam plate is pivotally moved in order to positively utilize the self-return force.