Abstract: An autofocus device is provided that includes a lens drive system, an imager, a contrast detector, first and second peak detectors, and a backlash detector. The lens drive system translates a lens. The imager captures an image through the lens. The contrast detector detects the contrast of an image captured by the imager. The first peak detector detects a first contrast peak of images captured at different lens positions when the lens is translated in a forward direction. The second peak detector detects a second contrast peak of images captured at different lens positions when the lens is translated in a backward direction. The detection of the second peak is carried out after detection of the first contrast peak. The backlash detector detects the backlash in the lens drive system according to the positions of the first and second contrast peaks.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging an object has an image sensor that comprises a plurality of pixels. The plurality of pixels is matrix-arrayed along vertical and horizontal directions. The apparatus also has an image sensor driver that drives the image sensor, and the image sensor driver is capable of reading image-pixel signals of neighboring pixels among the plurality of pixels while mixing the image-pixel signals. The apparatus also has a pixel addition setting processor that sets the number of pixel addition with respect to at least one of at least one row and at least one column. The pixel addition setting processor sets different numbers of pixel addition to different pixel areas. The image sensor driver reads the image-pixel signals in response to the set number of pixel addition.

Abstract: An image-processing system including an image processor and a correction processor is provided. The imaging processor obtains a captured image. The correction processor produces a corrected image by correcting an aberration that emerges in the captured image. The correction processor produces: at least one or more processed images obtained by applying different processes to the captured image; a masking image by applying a predetermined process to one of the captured images or the at least one or more processed images; a composite image by synthesizing the masking image and either of the captured image or the at least one or more processed images, which are not used when producing the masking image; and the corrected image by synthesizing the composite image and the captured image.

Abstract: An autofocus device is provided that includes a lens drive system, an imager, a contrast detector, first and second peak detectors, and a backlash detector. The lens drive system translates a lens. The imager captures an image through the lens. The contrast detector detects the contrast of an image captured by the imager. The first peak detector detects a first contrast peak of images captured at different lens positions when the lens is translated in a forward direction. The second peak detector detects a second contrast peak of images captured at different lens positions when the lens is translated in a backward direction. The detection of the second peak is carried out after detection of the first contrast peak. The backlash detector detects the backlash in the lens drive system according to the positions of the first and second contrast peaks.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an image sensor and a processor that merges together a plurality of images captured by said image sensor to produce a composite image. The positions or the plurality of images being adjusted to reduce displacement of a reference area that is determined within each one of said plurality of images before the plurality of images is merged together. The reference area includes at least one of an in-focus area determined by a focusing operation, a face area determined by face-sensing processes, a predetermined-color area determined by white-balance information and predetermined color information, and a predetermined-brightness area determined by photometry.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an image sensor and a processor that merges together a plurality of images captured by said image sensor to produce a composite image. The positions or the plurality of images being adjusted to reduce displacement of a reference area that is determined within each one of said plurality of images before the plurality of images is merged together. The reference area includes at least one of an in-focus area determined by a focusing operation, a face area determined by face-sensing processes, a predetermined-color area determined by white-balance information and predetermined color information, and a predetermined-brightness area determined by photometry.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus is provided that includes an image sensor, a composite image processor, a position detector, and a determiner. The image sensor captures an object image through a lens system. The composite image processor merges together a plurality of images captured by the image sensor to produce a composite image. The position detector obtains information related to the position of the apparatus. The determiner evaluates the availability of the composite image. The availability of the composite image is determined with reference to the variation between the position of the apparatus at the beginning of a first exposure and at the beginning of subsequent exposures that are carried out to capture the plurality of images. The positional variation is obtained from this information.

Abstract: The invention provides a treating process of cacao beans, and more particularly cacao powder rich in polyphenols, a process for the preparation thereof and a prepared cacao composed of the cacao powder. According to the invention, the polyphenol contained in the cacao beans is allowed to remain as much as possible, by setting initial water content in the roasting treatment to 3-10% by weight. Although polyphenols have various favorable biological functions of anti-oxidating action, anti-dental cariesing action, action for preventing arteriosclerosis and so on, but those are unfavorable from the view point of taste because of astringency and bitterness. In a conventional process for preparing cacao powder, therefore, an operation for removing polyphenols has been carried out, but in the invention, the astringency and bitterness are inhibited by setting water content of the cacao nib to 3-10% by weight in the alkali treatment prior to the roasting treatment.

Abstract: A process for producing granular cocoa which comprises granulating cocoa powder in a fluidized bed while spraying with a liquid binder prepared by heating cocoa powder and/or cacao extract with or without water to obtain granules having a water content of 15 to 40% by weight, and then drying the granules with hot air in a fluidized bed. The resulting granular cocoa easily dissolves in warm milk or warm water without preliminary kneading.

Abstract: A process for processing cacao beans comprising mixing cacao mass or cocoa powder treated with an alkali, with hot water maintained at 70.degree. to 130.degree. C. to dissolve a water-soluble portion of the cacao beans in hot water, or mixing the cacao mass or cocoa powder with hot water containing an alkali and maintained at 70.degree. to 130.degree. C. to dissolve the water-soluble portion in hot water and simultaneously to treat the cacao mass or cocoa powder with the alkali, whereby a water-soluble portion/fine particle portion mixture or cacao butter is isolated. This mixture or cacao butter has various advantages over conventional products and is suitable for use in preparation of cocoa drinks.

Abstract: A process for producing cocoa powder is disclosed wherein alkali treated cacao mass or cocoa powder is mixed with hot water maintained at 70.degree. to 130.degree. C. to dissolve a water-soluble portion of the cacao beans in hot water. Alternately the cacao mass or cocoa powder is mixed with hot water containing an alkali and maintained at 70.degree. to 130.degree. C. to dissolve the water-soluble portion in hot water and simultaneously to treat the cacao mass or cocoa powder with the alkali. The water-soluble portion/fine particle portion mixture is isolated and dried to produce a cocoa powder.