Abstract: A transmission device includes a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to sample a first transmission signal obtained by performing baseband processing on a baseband signal, output the sampled first transmission signal; generate a peak reduction signal that reduces a signal level of all samples in such a manner that the signal level of all the samples of a peak of the first transmission signal with the signal level equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is reduced to be lower than the threshold, output a second transmission signal obtained by reducing the peak of the first transmission signal with the peak reduction signal, and transmit the second transmission signal.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first lens unit having positive refractive power, a second lens unit, and a third lens unit having negative refractive power arranged in order from an object side to an image side. The second lens unit moves in focusing, thereby changing a distance between adjacent lens units. The first lens unit includes a positive lens, and the third lens unit includes a negative lens. A focal length of the positive lens, a focal length of the negative lens, a focal length of the third lens unit, and a back focus of the optical system are appropriately set.

Abstract: An optical system is constituted of a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power and moving when focusing is performed, and a third lens unit which are arranged in this order from an object side to an image side, and distances between neighboring lens units are changed when focusing is performed. In the optical system, a back focus, arrangement of the second lens unit, and the like are appropriately set.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first lens unit B1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit B2, and a third lens unit B3 disposed in order from an object side to an image side. The second lens unit B2 moves in focusing so that an interval between adjacent lens units among the first, second, and third lens units changes. The first lens unit B1 includes a positive lens G1p disposed closest to the object side and a negative lens G1n being a closest negative lens with respect to the object side. The optical system satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first lens unit having positive refractive power, a second lens unit, and a third lens unit having negative refractive power arranged in order from an object side to an image side. The second lens unit moves in focusing, thereby changing a distance between adjacent lens units. The first lens unit includes a positive lens, and the third lens unit includes a negative lens. A focal length of the positive lens, a focal length of the negative lens, a focal length of the third lens unit, and a back focus of the optical system are appropriately set.

Abstract: An optical system is constituted of a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power and moving when focusing is performed, and a third lens unit which are arranged in this order from an object side to an image side, and distances between neighboring lens units are changed when focusing is performed. In the optical system, a back focus, arrangement of the second lens unit, and the like are appropriately set.

Abstract: An optical system includes a first lens unit B1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit B2, and a third lens unit B3 disposed in order from an object side to an image side. The second lens unit B2 moves in focusing so that an interval between adjacent lens units among the first, second, and third lens units changes. The first lens unit B1 includes a positive lens G1p disposed closest to the object side and a negative lens G1n being a closest negative lens with respect to the object side. The optical system satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A method of mass-producing IC devices includes the steps of: forming a plurality of types of conductor patterns on a ribbonlike insulating substrate, separating the ribbonlike substrate to form a plurality of types of divided substrates, causing at least one of the conductor patterns of the same type to be included in each of the divided substrates, and sending the divided substrates including the conductor patterns of the same type to the same dedicated assembling line.