Abstract: A substrate processing method is provided for removing a resist having a hardened layer from a front surface of a substrate. The substrate processing method includes a hardened-layer removing step and a wet processing step. The hardened-layer removing step includes a heating step of heating the substrate to 150° C. or more and an ozone-gas supplying step of supplying an ozone gas to the front surface of the substrate being heated by the heating step, and the hardened-layer removing step removes the hardened layer by generating an oxygen radical near the front surface of the substrate. The wet processing step removes the resist from the front surface of the substrate by supplying a processing liquid including a sulfuric acid to the front surface of the substrate after the hardened-layer removing step.

Abstract: A plurality of delay circuits successively delay a received data. The received data and delayed data signals are sampled in response to both leading and trailing edges of a clock having a frequency substantially identical with that of a data transmission rate of the received data. When a sampling value having the same value V (V=1 or 0) appears continuously N times in the sampling operation of the received data 101 (where N is an even number), it is judged that a data of value V is continuously received (N/2) times.

Abstract: In a position informing apparatus using position-measuring means, such as a GPS receiver, and communications means, such as a portable cellular phone, the operating time of the position-measuring means is shortened, thereby diminishing power consumption. Communications means (3), such as a portable cellular phone, of the position informing apparatus is provided with a position-measuring request button (3b) Position-measuring (1), such as a GPS receiver, is usually held in a power-off state, and the communications means (3) remains in a standby state. When the position-measuring request button (3b) is pressed, a control section (2) turns on power to the position-measuring means (1). A signal output from a GPS satellite is received by means of a position-measuring antenna (1a), and the position-measuring means (1) effects position-measuring operation.

Abstract: A plurality of delay circuits successively delay a received data. The received data and delayed data signals are sampled in response to both leading and trailing edges of a clock having a frequency substantially identical with that of a data transmission rate of the received data. When a sampling value having the same value V (V=1 or 0) appears continuously N times in the sampling operation of the received data 101 (where N is an even number), it is judged that a data of value V is continuously received (N/2) times.

Abstract: A display apparatus of a simple matrix type displays an intermediate tone on a liquid panel by a data thinning-out system. As a modulated alternating inverted signal for determining a polarity of a driving voltage is applied to each pixel of the liquid panel, employed is a signal whose phase is inverted by 180.degree. every tone representing cycle which is a predetermined period of a plurality of frames, and it is structured such that a polarity of the driving voltage to be applied to each pixel is changed according to polarity of the modulated alternating inverted signal. Therefore, a positive polarity portion and a negative polarity portion of an effective voltage to be applied to a pixel in an arbitrary tone representing cycle are completely canceled by a negative polarity portion and a positive polarity portion of the driving voltage to be applied to the pixel in a tone representing cycle adjacent to said arbitrary tone representing cycle respectively.

Abstract: In a displaying cell of a liquid crystal display device, glass substrates are formed to overhang a displaying area and electrodes formed on the glass substrates are also formed to overhang the displaying area. An electrode formed on a wiring substrate, in which integrated circuit chips are mounted in order to drive the electrodes, is connected by an anistotropic conductive film to the electrodes on the glass substrates. Space is provided on the glass substrates, so that another anisotropic conductive film can be provided between the attaching position of the anisotropic conductive film and the displaying area. In the event that a connection is disconnected, a wire is broken or the current leaks, the wiring substrates are peeled off, and the connection is repaired. After repair, the wiring substrate is connected to a different part of the electrode on the glass sbstrate.