Abstract: An apparatus is provided for maintaining a braking force applied to a vehicle including an electromagnetic check valve disposed in a brake actuating fluid circuit, a set of sensors for sensing operating conditions of the vehicle, and an electronic control unit receiving, as inputs thereto, detection signals produced by the set of sensors for collectively controlling the detection signals to control operation of the electromagnetic check valve.

Abstract: A method of electronically controlling a vehicle according to which, when a transmission is shifted into the reverse gear position, a clutch is disengaged followed by switching the transmission to a neutral position. With the clutch in the disengaged state, the transmission is then temporarily switched to a gear position having a synchromesh mechanism, whereby a disk clutch pressing against a pressure plate or flywheel is separated from the same. After the clutch is completely disengaged, the transmission is switched to the reverse gear position.

Abstract: An automatic clutch control system, for use in automobiles, using a microcomputer. Included in the system are an accelerator pedal sensor for detecting accelerator position; an engine speed sensor for detecting engine speed; a clutch stroke sensor for detecting clutch stroke; and an automobile speed sensor for detecting automobile speed. The microcomputer is included in a controller for controlling opening or closing of solenoid valves, gear change of a transmission, and opening or closing of a throttle actuator, based on predetermined stored data and based on signals transmitted from the sensors. The automatic clutch control system consequently can automatically control the clutch moving time and clutch moving speed for easy driving under all driving conditions. Moreover, while the clutch control system is fully automatic, it can use dry-type single-plate clutches and sliding-mesh-type transmissions as in manual and semiautomatic transmissions.