Abstract: A common electrode driver includes an inverting amplifier including a first resistor, a second resistor, and an operational amplifier, and a resistance ratio adjustment circuit that adjusts, in accordance with a length of one horizontal scan period, a resistance ratio being a ratio of a resistance value of the second resistor to a resistance value of the first resistor. A feedback voltage is provided to one end of the first resistor. The resistance ratio adjustment circuit sets the resistance ratio when second driving is performed, in which a length of one horizontal scan period is a second time longer than a first time, to be smaller than the resistance ratio when first driving is performed, in which a length of one horizontal scan period is the first time.

Abstract: A counter gear mechanism includes: a fifth gear in mesh with a third gear; a sixth gear in mesh with a fourth gear; and a seventh gear in mesh with a differential input gear. The seventh gear is disposed between the fifth gear and the sixth gear in an axial direction. A switching mechanism is disposed between the third gear and the fourth gear in the axial direction. The switching mechanism makes switching among: a state in which the third gear is coupled to a second input member; a state in which the fourth gear is coupled to the second input member; and a state in which the third gear and the fourth gear are decoupled from the second input member. This structure is able to make an entirety of an apparatus compact in size in the axial direction when the apparatus includes the switching mechanism to change the speed ratio between the second input member, which is drivingly coupled to an internal combustion engine, and output members.

Abstract: A counter gear mechanism includes: a fifth gear in mesh with a third gear; a sixth gear in mesh with a fourth gear; and a seventh gear in mesh with a differential input gear. The seventh gear is disposed between the fifth gear and the sixth gear in an axial direction. A switching mechanism is disposed between the third gear and the fourth gear in the axial direction. The switching mechanism makes switching among: a state in which the third gear is coupled to a second input member; a state in which the fourth gear is coupled to the second input member; and a state in which the third gear and the fourth gear are decoupled from the second input member. This structure is able to make an entirety of an apparatus compact in size in the axial direction when the apparatus includes the switching mechanism to change the speed ratio between the second input member, which is drivingly coupled to an internal combustion engine, and output members.

Abstract: A drive mechanism that drives an axially moving portion in an axial direction includes a drive portion that reciprocates a first member along an intersecting direction that is a direction that intersects the axial direction, a conversion portion that converts a reciprocating motion of the first member along the intersecting direction into a reciprocating motion of a second member along the axial direction, and a connecting portion for connecting the second member and the axially moving portion such that the axially moving portion reciprocates along the axial direction as the second member reciprocates along the axial direction.

Abstract: A ligator for ligating body duct(s), said ligator enabling quick, easy and damage-free repetition of ligation and release of one or more body ducts in a body cavity through an operation outside the body cavity, and having an excellent performance of blocking the flow of a body fluid such as blood or lymph in a body duct. In an abdominal surgery, the ligator can be provided at such a position as not disturbing the surgery per se or hindering the vision during the surgery, while leaving the back-end thereof outside the body cavity, and can be operated outside the body cavity. In an endoscopic surgery, the ligator can be inserted from an opening that is a surgical wound while leaving the back-end thereof outside the body cavity, and can be operated outside the body cavity.

Abstract: In a transmission, a lubrication oil retention section is formed to surround an area around a circumferential part of a first gear that ranges from a lubrication oil storage region to the outside of the lubrication oil storage region. In the lubrication oil retention section, the lubrication oil scooped up by the rotation of the first gear is retained between the lubrication oil retention section and the first gear at the outside of the lubrication oil storage region. The lubrication oil retention section enables the first gear to splash the lubrication oil retained at the outside of the lubrication oil storage region, toward a receiver that flows the lubrication oil to various sliding parts of the transmission.

Abstract: The transmission includes a case, a rotation shaft rotatably supported on the case, a speed change gear rotatably supported on the rotation shaft, fork shaft movable in an axial direction in response to the shift operation, a connecting member for changing over a connection condition of the speed change gear between a connected condition with the rotation shaft and a disconnected condition from the rotation shaft in response to an axial position of the fork shaft, a parking gear fixed to the rotation shaft, a detent member movable between a detent position where the rotation of the parking gear is restricted and a detent released position where the rotation of the parking gear is allowed and a cam member for moving the detent member to the detent position or to the detent released position in response to the axial position of the fork shaft.

Abstract: A ligator for ligating body duct(s), said ligator enabling quick, easy and damage-free repetition of ligation and release of one or more body ducts in a body cavity through an operation outside the body cavity, and having an excellent performance of blocking the flow of a body fluid such as blood or lymph in a body duct. In an abdominal surgery, the ligator can be provided at such a position as not disturbing the surgery per se or hindering the vision during the surgery, while leaving the back-end thereof outside the body cavity, and can be operated outside the body cavity. In an endoscopic surgery, the ligator can be inserted from an opening that is a surgical wound while leaving the back-end thereof outside the body cavity, and can be operated outside the body cavity.

Abstract: In a transmission, a lubrication oil retention section is formed to surround an area around a circumferential part of a first gear that ranges from a lubrication oil storage region to the outside of the lubrication oil storage region. In the lubrication oil retention section, the lubrication oil scooped up by the rotation of the first gear is retained between the lubrication oil retention section and the first gear at the outside of the lubrication oil storage region. The lubrication oil retention section enables the first gear to splash the lubrication oil retained at the outside of the lubrication oil storage region, toward a receiver that flows the lubrication oil to various sliding parts of the transmission.

Abstract: In a transmission, a large-diameter gear included in a plurality of gears on rotatable shaft members is soaked at its lower part in lubrication oil contained in a lubrication oil storage region formed at a lower portion of a case and scoops up the lubrication oil when rotated. A receiver extending in the axial direction of the large-diameter gear collects the scooped-up lubrication oil and flows the collected lubrication oil toward lubrication portions. The receiver has a vertical wall which enables the lubrication oil scooped up and splashing above the receiver to collide therewith, to flow down on a surface thereof and to be introduced to a collecting portion of the receiver, and an introducing portion which enables the lubrication oil splashing toward between the receiver and the large-diameter gear to flow on a surface thereof and to be introduced to the collecting portion by the inertia force thereof.

Abstract: A transmission for a vehicle is provided with a plurality of gears supported on shaft members rotatably supported in a case to extend in an axial direction, first and second large-diameter gears soaked at lower parts thereof in lubrication oil stored in a lubrication oil storage region formed at a lower portion of the case for scooping upward lubrication oil during rotations, and first and second receivers arranged to extend in the axial direction of the shaft members for collecting the upwardly scooped lubrication oils to supply the same to parts to be lubricated. The first and large-diameter gears are arranged respectively on one and the other end sides of the plurality of gears in the axial direction. Other gears of the plurality of gears except for the first and second large-diameter gears are formed to diameters that hardly agitate the lubrication oil in the lubrication oil storage region.

Abstract: A clutch control system includes a release fork rotatably supported by a release shaft via a support portion and including a press arm and a drive arm extending from the support portion, the press arm of which an end portion presses a release bearing provided at a clutch to bring the clutch to one of an engagement state and a disengagement state, a sector gear including sector teeth integrally formed at an end portion, the sector teeth being formed into an arc shape concentric to the release shaft, a worm wheel rotatably supported by a wheel shaft arranged in parallel with the release shaft, the worm wheel including teeth, a pinion gear integrally formed at the worm wheel and engaging with the sector teeth, and a worm driven to rotate by an electric motor and engaging with the teeth of the worm wheel to rotate the worm wheel.

Abstract: A clutch control system includes a release fork including a press arm and a drive arm, the release fork operating a clutch to one of an engagement state and a disengagement state, a worm wheel rotatably supported by a wheel shaft and including teeth, a roller rotatably supported by a support pin of which one end is fixed to the worm wheel, the support pin extending in parallel with the wheel shaft while having a predetermined distance therefrom, and a worm driven to rotate by an electric motor and engaging with the teeth. When the worm wheel is driven by the motor, the roller presses a side portion of the drive arm to rotate the release fork, and a release bearing of the clutch is pressed by an end portion of the press arm to bring the clutch to one of the engagement state and the disengagement state.

Abstract: A lubricating oil supply device includes a casing including a cylindrical bore and a guide passage whose one end opens to an inside of the casing and whose the other end opens to the cylindrical bore, a rotational shaft including a center bore, an accommodating groove, and a discharge passage which corresponds to the guide passage and whose one end opens to the accommodating groove and whose the other end opens to the center bore, and a lubricating oil guiding member accommodated within the accommodating groove and including a cylindrical portion, a guide hole, which has a first inner side surface connected to an outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion so as to form an angle therebtween and a second inner side surface and which is always connected to the discharge passage, and a guide groove extending along the outer circumferential surface of the lubricating oil guiding member.

Abstract: A shifting apparatus for a transmission includes a shift-and-select shaft, a retaining member, at least one shifting member rotatably and slidably supported by the shaft to be in contact with an axial end of the retaining member, plural driving pins, plural neutral interlock grooves formed at outer plan surfaces of the retaining member to be slidably engaged with the driving pins, plural shifting interlock grooves, a stepped recessed-portion formed at one of outer plan surfaces of the shifting member, and plural non-shifting grooves formed at the other outer plan surfaces of the shifting member. The shifting member is rotated and detected in a selected position relative to the retaining member. Then, the retaining member and the shifting member are reciprocated so that one of the driving pins makes a contact with the shifting inclined surface of the shifting member and the fork shaft is reciprocated.

Abstract: A dual clutch transmission apparatus includes a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a first counter shaft, a second counter shaft, an output shaft, a dual clutch including a first clutch transmitting rotation of a driving shaft which is driven by a power plant, a second clutch transmitting rotation of the driving shaft, a final transmission gear train transmitting rotation of the first counter shaft to the output shaft, a first gear change mechanism, a second gear change mechanism, a switching clutch connecting the first input shaft to the output shaft; and an intermediate transmission gear train transmitting rotation between the first input shaft and the second counter shaft, wherein the first and second gear change mechanisms share a common driving gear.

Abstract: A dual clutch transmission apparatus includes: a first input shaft; a second input shaft arranged in parallel with the first input shaft; a counter shaft arranged in parallel with the first input shaft; a connecting clutch adapted to establish or interrupt a transmitting path of rotation of the first input shaft to the output shaft; mid a low/high shift stage switching mechanism having a low-speed shift stage gear train and a high-speed shift stage gear train, each mounted on the counter shaft and the output shaft, the low/high shift stage switching mechanism having a low/high shift stage switching clutch stretching the low-speed shift stage gear train and the high-speed shift stage gear train and changing a rotational speed of the counter shaft to a high or low rotational speed. Either the connecting clutch or the low/high shift stage switching mechanism is selected.