Abstract: Even when a large-current, high-voltage load is applied, damage is prevented. A current generating device (1) supplies a current simulating a current flowing when lightning occurs to a test piece (9) subjected to a lightning resistance test using power supplied from a power supply device (2). The current generating device (1) includes electric double-layer capacitors that store and discharge power supplied from the power supply device (2), a semiconductor switch (3) that switches between supplying and not supplying the power stored in the electric double-layer capacitors to the test piece (9), and a protection unit (4) that is connected between the semiconductor switch (3) and the test piece (9) and that cuts the connection between the semiconductor switch (3) and the test piece (9) when a current larger than a predetermined value flows through the semiconductor switch (3).

Abstract: Even when a large-current, high-voltage load is applied, damage is prevented. A current generating device (1) supplies a current simulating a current flowing when lightning occurs to a test piece (9) subjected to a lightning resistance test using power supplied from a power supply device (2). The current generating device (1) includes electric double-layer capacitors that store and discharge power supplied from the power supply device (2), a semiconductor switch (3) that switches between supplying and not supplying the power stored in the electric double-layer capacitors to the test piece (9), and a protection unit (4) that is connected between the semiconductor switch (3) and the test piece (9) and that cuts the connection between the semiconductor switch (3) and the test piece (9) when a current larger than a predetermined value flows through the semiconductor switch (3).

Abstract: A contact image sensor is provided including a housing, a slit plate a lens, one or two light sources and a light-receiving element array mounted on a light-receiving element array substrate. The housing contains the slit plate, the lens, the one or two light sources and the light-receiving element array substrate. The optical system of the contact image sensor is aligned and one or more depressions are formed on an end of the substrate for the alignment. Power to the one or two light sources is applied through one or more leads. Each of the one or more depressions is large enough so that each of the leads can be passed through the respective depressions.

Abstract: A contact image sensor is provided including a housing, a slit plate a lens, one or two light sources and a light-receiving element array mounted on a light-receiving element array substrate. The housing contains the slit plate, the lens, the one or two light sources and the light-receiving element array substrate. The optical system of the contact image sensor is aligned and one or more depressions are formed on an end of the substrate for the alignment. Power to the one or two light sources is applied through one or more leads. Each of the one or more depressions is large enough so that each of the leads can be passed through the respective depressions.

Abstract: A method for driving a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is driven in a matrix using a plurality of common electrodes and segment electrodes, which are crossed oppositely. While common drive voltage waveforms from each common electrode are sequentially applied to a cholesteric liquid crystal display device, segment electrode drive voltage waveforms from each segment electrode are applied to the device. There is no period of time during which the same voltage is applied to all common electrodes at the same time in a period of time from the application of the hold voltage waveform to the first common electrode to the application of the reset voltage waveform to the last common electrodes, and there is a period of time during which the same voltage is applied to all segment electrodes at the same time.

Abstract: A method for driving a cholesteric liquid crystal display device in a fast rewriting speed and with a low electric power consumption resets the entire display area to a homeotropic oriented state by selecting all the common electrodes. It applies the common reset signals to all the common electrodes and the data reset signals to all the segment electrodes. Subsequently, the drive voltage waveform consisting of a common select signal and common hold signal is applied to respective common electrodes. The common select signal is applied for a while after the common select signal is applied to the last common electrode. The voltage waveforms applied to the common electrode and segment electrode consist of two levels of voltage, i.e., 0 volts and non-new voltage. The percentage that the non-new voltage is applied to both common electrode and segment electrode is made to the lowest level.

Abstract: The embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid crystal display element using cholesteric liquid crystals having a slight change in electrooptic properties even if the liquid crystals deteriorate by irradiation of light such as ultraviolet rays, etc., and a method for driving the same. An embodiment of the present invention further provides a liquid crystal display device in which pixel spaces are formed, in a matrix form, of a plurality of common electrodes and a plurality of segment electrodes, which are orthogonal to each other, and cholesteric liquid crystals and chiral nematic liquid crystals intervene in the pixel spaces.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display having high reliability, which is excellent in terms of optical characteristics, heat resistance, and shock resistance, wherein a liquid crystal display consisting of a cholesteric liquid crystal, a chiral nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal 1 layer, being a combination thereof, which is roughly pillar-like and polygonal in section or has a roughly pillar-like form enclosed by a closed curve, and divided by said polymer network into areas whose minimum diameter measured by vernier calipers is 5 &mgr;m and whose maximum diameter measured by vernier calipers is 100 &mgr;m, is obtained by polymer networks 4 formed by polymerization of monomer, so that sufficient reflection can be obtained from the liquid crystal 1 without being optical scattering.

Abstract: A coated plastic molded article comprising a plastic molded article on the surface of which are laminated (a) a first layer comprising a cured composition containing a partially hydrolyzed product of at least one silicon compound, (b) a second layer comprising a cured, partially hydrolyzed product of a second silicon compound, and (c) a third layer comprising silicon dioxide from an aqueous hydrosilicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide, the coating layers being applied to the plastic molded article in the order stated; and alternate embodiments of a process for preparing the coated plastic molded articles.

Abstract: A method for forming a silicon dioxide film according to the present invention comprises steps of: (i) contacting a substrate with processing solution containing silicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide, and (ii) forming the silicon dioxide film on the substrate; wherein organic colorant(s) is/are introduced into the silicon dioxide film by adding organic colorant(s) to the processing solution. According to the present invention, a silicon dioxide film containing organic colorant without defect such as air bubbles, or undecomposed raw material.

Abstract: A method for forming a silicon dioxide film according to the present invention comprises steps of: (i) contacting a substrate with processing solution containing silicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide, and (ii) forming the silicon dioxide film on the substrate; wherein organic colorant(s) is/are introduced into the silicon dioxide film by adding organic colorant(s) to the processing solution. According to the present invention, a silicon dioxide film containing organic colorant without defect such as air bubbles, or undecomposed raw material.