Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a storage element in which two types of electrodes are superposed on each other with a separator interposed therebetween and an outer container made of a flexible film that houses the storage element and an electrolyte solution, the two types of electrodes each including an active material-applied portion where an active material layer is formed on current collector 9, and an active material-non-applied portion, wherein each of the two types of electrodes is provided with an electrode terminal 7 and support tab 13, one end portion of electrode terminal 7 being superposed on the active material-non-applied portion of the electrode in the outer container, the other end portion of electrode terminal 7 extending to an outside of the outer container, support tab 13 sandwiching the active material-non-applied portion along with the one end portion of electrode terminal 7 in the outer container, and the active material-non-applied portion, electrode terminal 7, and support tab 13 a

Abstract: An exhaust emission control apparatus is provided with a supply device, a catalyst, and a gas pressure reduction part. The supply device supplies a reducing agent to an exhaust passage. The catalyst purifies an exhaust gas by the use of the reducing agent. The gas pressure reduction part can make a gas pressure near the supply port lower than the gas pressure on the inside of a supply device body. A NOx catalyst adsorbs nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust. NOx adsorbed by the NOx catalyst is desorbed from the NOx catalyst when the exhaust gas is purified. An ECU estimates an adsorption amount of NOx. Then, the ECU estimates a desorption amount of NOx desorbed from the NOx catalyst on the basis of the estimated adsorption amount of NOx.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a storage element in which two types of electrodes are superposed on each other with a separator interposed therebetween and an outer container made of a flexible film that houses the storage element and an electrolyte solution, the two types of electrodes each including an active material-applied portion where an active material layer is formed on current collector 9, and an active material-non-applied portion, wherein each of the two types of electrodes is provided with an electrode terminal 7 and support tab 13, one end portion of electrode terminal 7 being superposed on the active material-non-applied portion of the electrode in the outer container, the other end portion of electrode terminal 7 extending to an outside of the outer container, support tab 13 sandwiching the active material-non-applied portion along with the one end portion of electrode terminal 7 in the outer container, and the active material-non-applied portion, electrode terminal 7, and support tab 13 a

Abstract: A fuel injection device is used in an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber partitioned by a cylinder head, a cylinder, and a piston crown surface so that at least one of the amount of NOx, Pmax, and a thermal efficiency ? is maintained at a predetermined value. The fuel injection device includes a fuel injection change unit. The fuel injection change unit virtually divides the combustion chamber into N number of combustion zones where N is a natural number of 2 or more, and can change a fuel injection method according to the respective combustion zones. The fuel injection change unit divides the combustion chamber into the N number of combustion zones, thereby being capable of eliminating a difference of heat in the respective combustion zones, and precisely controlling an in-cylinder pressure P in the combustion chamber. As a result, the amount of NOx and the thermal efficiency can be optimized.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control apparatus is provided with a supply device, a catalyst, and a gas pressure reduction part. The supply device supplies a reducing agent to an exhaust passage. The catalyst purifies an exhaust gas by the use of the reducing agent. The gas pressure reduction part can make a gas pressure near the supply port lower than the gas pressure on the inside of a supply device body. A NOx catalyst adsorbs nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust. NOx adsorbed by the NOx catalyst is desorbed from the NOx catalyst when the exhaust gas is purified. An ECU estimates an adsorption amount of NOx. Then, the ECU estimates a desorption amount of NOx desorbed from the NOx catalyst on the basis of the estimated adsorption amount of NOx.

Abstract: A fuel injector which injects a gaseous fuel includes a nozzle and a housing. The nozzle has an outlet which injects the gaseous fuel at a flow rate greater than or equal to a predetermined rate. The housing has a mixing chamber which communicates with the outlet. The housing further has an air introducing passage which introduces an outer air into the mixing chamber and an injection hole which injects an air-mixed fuel formed by mixing the gaseous fuel with the outer air. Thus, a mixing of the gaseous fuel and the outer air can be improved, and the gaseous fuel can be efficiently combusted.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a reformer reforming a fuel on a catalyst to increase a combustion energy generated by the fuel per unit quantity of the fuel. The system includes an injection unit injecting a reformed fuel and a non-reformed fuel in such a manner that the reformed fuel is annularly distributed along an inner circumferential wall of a cylinder and the non-reformed fuel is distributed inside of the annularly distributed reformed fuel. The reformed fuel and the non-reformed fuel are combusted in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine at a substantially same time. The reformed fuel is annularly distributed along an inner circumferential wall of an internal combustion engine. The non-reformed fuel is distributed in a center portion of the annularly distributed reformed fuel. The non-reformed fuel is compressed self-ignited to be combusted and the reformed fuel is ignited by a combustion of the non-reformed fuel.

Abstract: A rehabilitation pipe is assembled inside an existing pipe using integrally formed plastic segments each comprising an inner surface plate, side and end plates. The segments are in part or all divided in the pipe-length direction to provide a variable-width segment comprising two segment halves that are moved relative to each other in the pipe-length direction to make the width of the segment in the pipe-length direction variable. A filler is injected into a space between the rehabilitation pipe and the existing pipe to provide a composite pipe. A falsework temporarily supports the rehabilitation pipe inside the existing pipe until the filler hardens. A shape-holing member is disposed circumferentially in part or all over the inner surface of the rehabilitation pipe so as to be in contact with the inner surface plate of the variable-width segment. A support member directly or indirectly supports the shape-holding member.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a reformer reforming a fuel on a catalyst to increase a combustion energy generated by the fuel per unit quantity of the fuel. The system includes an injection unit injecting a reformed fuel and a non-reformed fuel in such a manner that the reformed fuel is annularly distributed along an inner circumferential wall of a cylinder and the non-reformed fuel is distributed inside of the annularly distributed reformed fuel. The reformed fuel and the non-reformed fuel are combusted in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine at a substantially same time. The reformed fuel is annularly distributed along an inner circumferential wall of an internal combustion engine. The non-reformed fuel is distributed in a center portion of the annularly distributed reformed fuel. The non-reformed fuel is compressed self-ignited to be combusted and the reformed fuel is ignited by a combustion of the non-reformed fuel.

Abstract: A fuel injector which injects a gaseous fuel includes a nozzle and a housing. The nozzle has an outlet which injects the gaseous fuel at a flow rate greater than or equal to a predetermined rate. The housing has a mixing chamber which communicates with the outlet. The housing further has an air introducing passage which introduces an outer air into the mixing chamber and an injection hole which injects an air-mixed fuel formed by mixing the gaseous fuel with the outer air. Thus, a mixing of the gaseous fuel and the outer air can be improved, and the gaseous fuel can be efficiently combusted.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a case, a base, a magnet coil, a movable member driven by electromagnetic force of the coil, a moving contact, a fixed contact engaged with or disengaged from the moving contact, a fixed contact holding member fixed to the base with the holding member passing therethrough and having a load circuit terminal, and a magnet applying Lorentz force to arc generated between the fixed contact and the moving contact. The case includes a guide part on its region with which arc extended in a Lorentz force application direction collides. The guide part guides arc after the collision to extend arc in a different direction from the application direction. The case includes a case partition wall between the guide part and the base. The holding member has a guide part opposing portion opposed to the guide part. The opposing portion is covered with the case partition wall.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a housing having an accommodating space therein, a magnet coil in the accommodating space to generate electromagnetic force when energized, a moving contact disposed in the accommodating space and driven by the coil, a fixed contact in the accommodating space, the moving contact engaged with or disengaged from the fixed contact as a result of whether the moving contact is driven or not, a breathing hole formed in the housing to communicate between the accommodating space and an exterior space of the housing, and a flame propagation route along which a flame of flammable gas ignited by arc generated between the moving contact and the fixed contact propagates toward the breathing hole. The route includes a flame extinguishment clearance that is set to have such a gap size that the flame is extinguished when passing through the clearance.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a housing having an accommodating space therein, a magnet coil in the accommodating space to generate electromagnetic force when energized, a moving contact disposed in the accommodating space and driven by the coil, a fixed contact in the accommodating space, the moving contact engaged with or disengaged from the fixed contact as a result of whether the moving contact is driven or not, a breathing hole formed in the housing to communicate between the accommodating space and an exterior space of the housing, and a flame propagation route along which a flame of flammable gas ignited by arc generated between the moving contact and the fixed contact propagates toward the breathing hole. The route includes a flame extinguishment clearance that is set to have such a gap size that the flame is extinguished when passing through the clearance.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a case, a base, a magnet coil, a movable member driven by electromagnetic force of the coil, a moving contact, a fixed contact engaged with or disengaged from the moving contact, a fixed contact holding member fixed to the base with the holding member passing therethrough and having a load circuit terminal, and a magnet applying Lorentz force to arc generated between the fixed contact and the moving contact. The case includes a guide part on its region with which arc extended in a Lorentz force application direction collides. The guide part guides arc after the collision to extend arc in a different direction from the application direction. The case includes a case partition wall between the guide part and the base. The holding member has a guide part opposing portion opposed to the guide part. The opposing portion is covered with the case partition wall.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a technology capable of stopping and starting an internal combustion engine more preferably by restraining vibrations when the internal combustion engine stops and a scatter in crank angle when the internal combustion engine stops. For a period till an actual stop of the internal combustion engine since a stopping condition of the internal combustion engine was established, an air quantity of air flowing into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine is decreased when a number of revolutions of the engine is higher than a specified number of revolutions (S102) and is increased when the number of revolutions of the engine is equal to or lower than the specified number of revolutions (S106).

Abstract: There is provided a start control apparatus for an internal combustion engine (1) which starts the engine with injecting fuel to each cylinder (2) of the internal combustion engine in an intake stroke. The apparatus comprises a stop position distinction device (20) which distinguishes a piston position at a time of a stop of the internal combustion engine, and a fuel injection amount control device (20) which specifies a cylinder in which a piston stops in the intake stroke based on a distinction result of the stop position distinction device and which increases a fuel injection amount at starting for the specified cylinder more than a fuel injection amount for other cylinders.

Abstract: There is provided a start control apparatus for an internal combustion engine (1) which starts the engine with injecting fuel to each cylinder (2) of the internal combustion engine in an intake stroke. The apparatus comprises a stop position distinction device (20) which distinguishes a piston position at a time of a stop of the internal combustion engine, and a fuel injection amount control device (20) which specifies a cylinder in which a piston stops in the intake stroke based on a distinction result of the stop position distinction device and which increases a fuel injection amount at starting for the specified cylinder more than a fuel injection amount for other cylinders.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of providing a technology capable of stopping and starting an internal combustion engine more preferably by restraining vibrations when the internal combustion engine stops and a scatter in crank angle when the internal combustion engine stops. For a period till an actual stop of the internal combustion engine since a stopping condition of the internal combustion engine was established, an air quantity of air flowing into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine is decreased when a number of revolutions of the engine is higher than a specified number of revolutions (S102) and is increased when the number of revolutions of the engine is equal to or lower than the specified number of revolutions (S106).

Abstract: A shut off valve is provided in an intake line farther upstream than a throttle valve of the intake passage and farther downstream than an air cleaner. This shut off valve is opened by a signal or the like from an ECU when an engine is operating. Further, the shut off valve closes when the engine is stopped so as to suppress evaporative fuel inside the intake passage from flowing outside through the air cleaner. The evaporative fuel trapped inside the intake passage passes through a bypass passage that provides communication between the intake passage and the canister, and is then adsorbed with an adsorbent in the canister. A blow-by passage is also connected to the intake passage that is closed off by the shut off valve. Because the blow-by passage is closed off by a blow-by valve, which is closed during normal operation when the engine is stopped, sticking of the shut off valve and the throttle valve and the like due to the inflow of blow-by gas into the intake passage is inhibited.

Abstract: A throttle valve is opened after stopping an engine to prevent the valve from sticking. Then, when a temperature of the valve has become lower than the polymerization temperature, the valve is closed to seal the vapor of the HCs in a surge tank downstream. Changes in the temperature of the valve are, for example, estimated based on a temperature of an intake air detected by an intake temperature sensor.