Abstract: A magnetic memory element (10) includes a reference layer (11) of which a magnetization direction is fixed, a tunnel barrier layer (12) provided on the reference layer (11), a magnetic storage layer (13) that is provided on the tunnel barrier layer (12) and of which a magnetization direction is changeable, a high Hk application layer (14) that is provided on the magnetic storage layer (13) and improves magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic storage layer (13), and a Cap layer (15) provided on the high Hk application layer (14), and a material of the high Hk application layer (14) is different from a material of the Cap layer (15), and the material of the high Hk application layer (14) is a high melting point metal.

Abstract: A first processing module receives image data transferred from a controller, and executes image processing and a second processing module receives the image data transferred from the controller via the first processing module and executes image processing on the image data. The controller determines color components, of the plurality of color components of the image data, to be processed by the first processing module and the second processing module, based on at least communication amounts produced between the first processing module and the second processing module. Processed data having undergone the image processing performed by the first processing module based on the determined color components is transferred to the controller, and processed data having undergone the image processing performed by the second processing module based on the determined color components is transferred to the controller via the first processing module.

Abstract: An amount corresponding to the amount of ink stored in a replaceable ink tank is added to the amount of ink stored in a buffer tank and the sum is displayed on a display unit based on acquisition of information indicating that a state in which the replaceable ink tank is not mounted has changed to a state in which the replaceable ink tank is mounted.

Abstract: The controller has a communication unit that receives read/write requests specifying an address of the same virtual area from a plurality of clients, and an actual area to be read/written by the communication unit. The communication unit has a management table that associates an identifier of the client with an address of the actual area that is different for each client, and an address conversion unit that carries out reading and writing to the address of the actual area associated with the identifier of the client with reference to the management table.

Abstract: An amount corresponding to the amount of ink stored in a replaceable ink tank is added to the amount of ink stored in a buffer tank and the sum is displayed on a display unit based on acquisition of information indicating that a state in which the replaceable ink tank is not mounted has changed to a state in which the replaceable ink tank is mounted.

Abstract: A first processing module receives image data transferred from a controller, and executes image processing and a second processing module receives the image data transferred from the controller via the first processing module and executes image processing on the image data. The controller determines color components, of the plurality of color components of the image data, to be processed by the first processing module and the second processing module, based on at least communication amounts produced between the first processing module and the second processing module. Processed data having undergone the image processing performed by the first processing module based on the determined color components is transferred to the controller, and processed data having undergone the image processing performed by the second processing module based on the determined color components is transferred to the controller via the first processing module.

Abstract: When a data request is sent from a master device in master-slave communication, a slave device determines whether a piece of data requested by the data request among data stored on the slave device side has been updated after previous transmission of the piece of data. If the piece of data has been updated, the slave device sends the updated piece of data as a response to the data request. If the piece of data has not been updated, the slave device suspends a response to the data request. Thus, a communication system is built which can reduce network processing load and the volume of communication data in the case where the master device periodically acquires data from the slave device.

Abstract: The controller has a communication unit that receives read/write requests specifying an address of the same virtual area from a plurality of clients, and an actual area to be read/written by the communication unit. The communication unit has a management table that associates an identifier of the client with an address of the actual area that is different for each client, and an address conversion unit that carries out reading and writing to the address of the actual area associated with the identifier of the client with reference to the management table.

Abstract: An operation management system is constituted by a management server and a plurality of machine tools connected to each other via a network. The management server manages the operation status of each of the machine tools and the work schedule of an operator conducting work with the machine tools, specifies a machine tool to be used by the operator in next work based on notifications from the machine tools and the work schedule of the operator, and instructs each of the machine tools to produce a display for guiding the operator to the specified machine tool.

Abstract: A print control apparatus includes an output unit that outputs information for displaying a screen indicating that continuous printing processing is not executable in a case where it is determined that continuous printing processing is not executable. In a case where the information for displaying the screen indicating that continuous printing processing is not executable is output, the screen indicating that continuous printing processing is not executable is displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus performs printing based on a print job and determines whether printing for a first print job and a second print job having been received after the first print job can be made continuously based on a progress of printing for the first print job. In a case where it is determined that the printing for the first print job and the second print job can be made continuously, print media to be used for printing for the second print job is fed to a conveyance path before completing outputting printouts for the first print job.

Abstract: When a data request is sent from a master device in master-slave communication, a slave device determines whether a piece of data requested by the data request among data stored on the slave device side has been updated after previous transmission of the piece of data. If the piece of data has been updated, the slave device sends the updated piece of data as a response to the data request. If the piece of data has not been updated, the slave device suspends a response to the data request. Thus, a communication system is built which can reduce network processing load and the volume of communication data in the case where the master device periodically acquires data from the slave device.

Abstract: A numerical controller includes a numerical control unit, a DNC operation management unit, and first and second communication units. The first and second communication units receive the same NC program from a host through corresponding communication paths. The DNC operation management unit acquires the NC program from a reception data buffer included in one of the communication units to transfer the NC program to the numerical control unit, and when a failure occurs in the communication path used by the communication unit, an acquisition destination of the NC program is switched to a reception data buffer of the other communication unit.

Abstract: A print control apparatus includes an output unit that outputs information for displaying a screen indicating that continuous printing processing is not executable in a case where it is determined that continuous printing processing is not executable. In a case where the information for displaying the screen indicating that continuous printing processing is not executable is output, the screen indicating that continuous printing processing is not executable is displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention is an image forming apparatus that performs printing based on a print job and determines whether printing for a first print job and a second print job having been received after the first print job can be made continuously based on a progress of printing for the first print job. In a case where it is determined that the printing for the first print job and the second print job can be made continuously, print media to be used for printing for the second print job is fed to a conveyance path before completing outputting printouts for the first print job.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes a first determining unit that determines whether a defect has occurred in an image based on print data printed on a sheet by a printing unit having print heads including a row of nozzles aligned in a direction crossing a sheet conveyance direction. A first instructing unit instructs printing of a test pattern to a print control unit configured to control the printing unit if the first determining unit determines that a defect has occurred in the image. A second determining unit determines whether a defect occurs in a test pattern printed on the sheet by the printing unit based on the instruction from the instruction unit. A second instructing unit instructs stoppage of printing to the print control unit if the second determining unit determines that a defect has occurred in the test pattern.

Abstract: An operation management system is constituted by a management server and a plurality of machine tools connected to each other via a network. The management server manages the operation status of each of the machine tools and the work schedule of an operator conducting work with the machine tools, specifies a machine tool to be used by the operator in next work based on notifications from the machine tools and the work schedule of the operator, and instructs each of the machine tools to produce a display for guiding the operator to the specified machine tool.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes a first determining unit that determines whether a defect has occurred in an image based on print data printed on a sheet by a printing unit having print heads including a row of nozzles aligned in a direction crossing a sheet conveyance direction. A first instructing unit instructs printing of a test pattern to a print control unit configured to control the printing unit if the first determining unit determines that a defect has occurred in the image. A second determining unit determines whether a defect occurs in a test pattern printed on the sheet by the printing unit based on the instruction from the instruction unit. A second instructing unit instructs stoppage of printing to the print control unit if the second determining unit determines that a defect has occurred in the test pattern.

Abstract: A numerical controller includes a numerical control unit, a DNC operation management unit, and first and second communication units. The first and second communication units receive the same NC program from a host through corresponding communication paths. The DNC operation management unit acquires the NC program from a reception data buffer included in one of the communication units to transfer the NC program to the numerical control unit, and when a failure occurs in the communication path used by the communication unit, an acquisition destination of the NC program is switched to a reception data buffer of the other communication unit.

Abstract: If the processing result of the job which has not been notified is stored in the memory when a state of the apparatus has transited from a state incapable of communication with the job management apparatus to a state capable of communication in accordance with a user instruction, the processing result is read out from the memory and is notified to the job management apparatus.