Abstract: A compact and lightweight outboard engine (1) mounted to a boat stern by a mounting device having a tilt shaft comprises: an engine (2) including a flywheel (56) positioned at a lower end portion of a vertically extending crankshaft, and an oil pan positioned below the flywheel (56). An upper wall of a flywheel chamber (59) accommodating the flywheel 56 is made up of a bottom wall of a crank chamber made of a crankcase (30), etc., and a bottom wall (30a) of the crankcase (30) forming a front portion of the engine body (3) has a return oil path 71 formed forward of an inner circumferential wall surface (60e) of a circumferential wall (60) of the flywheel chamber (59) and having inflow openings (71a, 71b) through which lubricant oil flows from the crank chamber. Such outboard engine prevents output loss by preventing or minimizing lubricant oil staying in the crank chamber while the engine is driven in a tilt-up condition.

Abstract: The invention provides novel substituted phenylpropanoic acid derivatives that activate by binding to receptor as ligands of human peroxisome preliferant-activated receptor &agr; (PPAR&agr;), and exhibit potent decreasing action on lipids in blood (cholesterol and triglyceride). It relates to a substituted phenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their hydrates, and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: An outboard engine comprises an engine having a crankshaft (36) extending vertically, a flywheel 56 provided on the crankshaft (36) below the engine body, an oil pump (58), and a flywheel chamber (59) defined by a pump body (65) of the oil pump (58) united to coupling walls 61, 62 of the engine body to accommodate the flywheel 56; and a mount case (4) having a support wall 64 for uniting the engine body. The engine body is united with its coupling walls (61, 62) to the support wall (64) via an outer circumferential wall (63) of the pump body (65) such that the coupling walls (61, 62), outer circumferential wall (63) and support wall (64) overlap in the direction of a rotation axis of the crankshaft (36). Such outboard engine permits a connecting portion between the engine body and the mount case, which are united together via the oil pump body, to be decreased in size and weight.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an outboard engine that can be decreased in size and weight by decreasing the size and weight of a connecting portion between an engine body and a mount case that are united together via a pump body of an oil pump. For this purpose, the outboard engine comprises an engine having a crankshaft (36) extending vertically, a flywheel 56 provided on the crankshaft (36) below the engine body, an oil pump (58), and a flywheel chamber (59) defined by a pump body (65) of the oil pump (58) united to coupling walls 61, 62 of the engine body to accommodate the flywheel 56; and a mount case (4) having a support wall 64 for uniting the engine body. The engine body is united with its coupling walls (61, 62) to the support wall (64) via an outer circumferential wall (63) of the pump body (65) such that the coupling walls (61, 62), outer circumferential wall (63) and support wall (64) overlap in the direction of a rotation axis of the crankshaft (36).

Abstract: It is intended to provide a compact and lightweight outboard engine and to prevent its output loss by preventing or minimizing lubricant oil staying in a crank chamber while the engine is driven in a tilt-up condition. For this purpose, the outboard engine (1) mounted to a boat stern by a mounting device having a tilt shaft comprises an engine (2) including a flywheel (56) positioned at a lower end portion of a vertically extending crankshaft, and an oil pan positioned below the flywheel (56). An upper wall of a flywheel chamber (59) accommodating the flywheel 56 is made up of a bottom wall of a crank chamber made of a crankcase (30), etc., and a bottom wall (30a) of the crankcase (30) forming a front portion of the engine body (3) has a return oil path 71 formed forward of an inner circumferential wall surface (60e) of a circumferential wall (60) of the flywheel chamber (59) and having inflow openings (71a, 71b) through which lubricant oil flows from the crank chamber.

Abstract: An engine E is received vertically in an engine room 36 covered by an engine cover 4, and a generator 62 is arranged in a position above a front end of a crankcase 7 of the engine E and facing an opening 101 formed at a front of belt covers 10, 11. An air flowing from an air intake port 41 formed at a rear, upper portion of the engine cover 4, toward an intake opening 791, of an intake silencer 76 provided at a front, lower end of the engine room 36 cools the generator 62 disposed in a path of flow. A part of air in the engine room 36 is introduced into an interior of the belt covers 10, 11 through the opening 101 to be discharged outside from a ventilation port 751, and at that time the generator 62 is cooled by the air which passes through the opening 101.

Abstract: A vertical internal combustion engine for an outboard motor having a crankshaft directed substantially in a vertical direction contains a flywheel provided integrally on a lower end of the crankshaft and an oil pan provided under the flywheel. A lubricating oil pump driven by the crankshaft to rotate is disposed under the flywheel, and in the internal combustion engine, the center of gravity is positioned low so that the flywheel can be supported stably and the dischagrability of the lubricating oil pump will be high. Moreover, a pair of balancer shafts connected to the crankshaft to be driven thereby is disposed in parallel with the crankshaft on both sides of the engine cylinders, and balancer shaft lubricating oil passages are provided for lubricating balancer shaft pivot portions.

Abstract: Integrally fastening a cylinder block 6 and a crankcase 7 together by dividing the cylinder block 6 and the crankcase 7 at a dividing surface 31 passing through the center of a crankshaft 15 vertically arranged and screwing a bolt 32 inserted from the crankcase 7 side in the cylinder block 6. The bolt 32 fastening the crankcase 7 to the cylinder block 6 is prevented from interfering with a pair of left and right secondary balancer shafts 37, 38 by supporting both the secondary balancer shafts by the cylinder block 6, but not by the crankcase 7 to increase the degree of freedom of the layout of both the secondary balancer shafts 37, 38.

Abstract: An outboard motor body case supported on a swivel shaft through a connecting member. The swivel shaft is vertically swingable about a tilting shaft. An engine is mounted at an upper portion of the outboard motor body case, with a crankshaft thereof being oriented vertically, and a flywheel is mounted at a lower end of the crankshaft and disposed between an engine block and the connecting member. A dynamo is mounted within the flywheel, and a starter motor is engaged with a ring gear which is formed around an outer periphery of the flywheel. Thus, since the flywheel having a large weight is mounted at the lower end of the crankshaft, the position of the center of gravity of the outboard motor is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform a tilting-up about the tilting shaft with a small force. Moreover, since the flywheel is mounted on a power taking-off side of the crankshaft, the torsional vibration of the crankshaft can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel N-benzyldioxothiazolidylbenzamide derivatives that improve the insulin resistance and have potent hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and processes for preparing the same, and relates to N-benzyldioxothiazolidylbenzamide derivatives characterized by being represented by a general formula (1) ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote identically or differently hydrogen atoms, lower alkyl groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 4, lower alkoxy groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, lower haloalkyl groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, lower haloalkoxy groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, amino groups which may be substituted with lower alkyl group(s) with carbon atoms of 1 to 3 or hetero rings, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 link to form a methylenedioxy group, R.sup.

Abstract: An engine cooling system for an outboard motor includes a thermostat mounted on an upper surface of a cylinder block to open and close a cooling water passage depending on the temperature of cooling water inside the cooling water passage, and a relief valve mounted on an upper portion of a side wall of the cylinder block and located adjacent to the thermostat to open and close the cooling water passage depending on the pressure of cooling water inside the cooling water passage. Since the relief valve is located adjacent to the thermostat, the distance (length of an isolated portion of a drainage passage extending) between the thermostat and the relief valve is very small. In the case where the isolated drainage passage portion has no cooling water flowing therethrough, the pressure of the cooling water inside the cooling water passage rises until the relief valve is open.

Abstract: A water-cooled 4-stroke cycle internal combustion engine for propelling ships having a cylinder head and a cylinder block.

Abstract: A flange portion formed on an inner periphery of a flywheel is fitted to an end of a crankshaft. A spline piece is fitted to an inner peripheral surface of the flywheel. The flange portion of the flywheel and a flange portion of the spline piece are commonly fastened to the end of the crankshaft by bolts. An upper end of a driving shaft is spline-fitted at a point into a driving shaft coupled portion of the spline piece which is accommodated in an internal hole in the crankshaft. Thus, in coaxially coupling the flywheel and the driving shaft to the end of the crankshaft, it is possible to make such a coupled area compact and to reduce vibration by an accurate centering thereof.

Abstract: A cylinder block is coupled to a cylinder block/cylinder head coupling surface of a cylinder head by ten bolts which are disposed to surround outer peripheries of combustion chambers. In order to enhance sealability of an opening of a cooling water passage defined radially outside the bolts as viewed from the combustion chambers, the cylinder block and the cylinder head are further fastened to each other by a bolt disposed in the vicinity of the opening. Thus, the fastening force of the cylinder block/cylinder head coupling surface can be increased to increase the degree of freedom in design of the opening of the cooling water passage defined in the coupling surface.

Abstract: An outboard motor body case supported on a swivel shaft through a connecting member. The swivel shaft is vertically swingable about a tilting shaft. An engine is mounted at an upper portion of the outboard motor body case, with a crankshaft thereof being oriented vertically, and a flywheel is mounted at a lower end of the crankshaft and disposed between an engine block and the connecting member. A dynamo is mounted within the flywheel, and a starter motor is engaged with a ring gear which is formed around an outer periphery of the flywheel. Thus, since the flywheel having a large weight is mounted at the lower end of the crankshaft, the position of the center of gravity of the outboard motor is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to easily perform a tilting-up about the tilting shaft with a small force. Moreover, since the flywheel is mounted on a power taking-off side of the crankshaft, the torsional vibration of the crankshaft can be reduced.

Abstract: A flange portion formed on an inner periphery of a flywheel is facet-fitted to an end of a crankshaft. A spline piece is facet-fitted to an inner peripheral surface of the flywheel. The flange portion of the flywheel and a flange portion of the spline piece are commonly fastened to the end of the crankshaft by bolts. An upper end of a driving shaft is spline-fitted at a point into a driving shaft coupled portion of the spline piece which is accommodated in an internal hole in the crankshaft. Thus, in coaxially coupling the flywheel and the driving shaft to the end of the crankshaft, it is possible to make such a coupled area compact and to reduce vibration by an accurate centering thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel N-benzyldioxothiazolidylbenzamide derivatives that improve the insulin resistance and have potent hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and processes for preparing the same, and relates to N-benzyldioxothiazolidylbenzamide derivatives characterized by being represented by a general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote identically or differently hydrogen atoms, lower alkyl groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 4, lower alkoxy groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, lower haloalkyl groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, lower haloalkoxy groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, amino groups which may be substituted with lower alkyl group(s) with carbon atoms of 1 to 3 or hetero rings, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 link to form a methylenedioxy group, R.sup.

Abstract: A flange portion formed on an inner periphery of a flywheel is fitted to an end of a crankshaft. A spline piece is fitted to an inner peripheral surface of the flywheel. The flange portion of the flywheel and a flange portion of the spline piece are commonly fastened to the end of the crankshaft by bolts. An upper end of a driving shaft is spline-fitted at a point into a driving shaft coupled portion of the spline piece which is accommodated in an internal hole in the crankshaft. Thus, in coaxially coupling the flywheel and the driving shaft to the end of the crankshaft, it is possible to make such a coupled area compact and to reduce vibration by an accurate centering thereof.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine for an outboard motor includes an upwardly extending breather chamber which communicates with a projecting portion provided at a lower part of a crankcase and with an induction system via a PCV passage for returning a blow-by gas to intake manifolds. With this arrangement, it becomes possible to remove oil components from the blow-by gas within the PCV passage and hence to return the substantially oil-free blow-by gas to the intake manifolds.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel N-benzyldioxothiazolidylbenzamide derivatives that improve the insulin resistance and have potent hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and processes for preparing the same, and relates to N-benzyldioxothiazolidylbenzamide derivatives characterized by being represented by a general formula (1) ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote identically or differently hydrogen atoms, lower alkyl groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 4, lower alkoxy groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, lower haloalkyl groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, lower haloalkoxy groups with carbon atoms of 1 to 3, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, amino groups which may be substituted with lower alkyl group(s) with carbon atoms of 1 to 3 or hetero rings, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 link to form a methylenedioxy group, R.sup.