Abstract: A display apparatus including a display having an upper display part and a lower display part, comprises a frame memory for storing therein the video image data at a rate of N frames/sec and supplying the stored video image data twice to each of the upper display part and the lower display part to write the video image data into the display at a rate of 2N frames/sec, wherein while the video image data of the (I+1)th frame are written in the upper display part as the first time, the video image data of Ith frame preceding by one frame to the (I+1)th frame is written in the lower display part as the second time, and while the video image data of (I+1)th frame are written in the upper display part as the second time, the video image data of the (I+1)th frame are written in the lower display part as the first time.

Abstract: A method for recording and reproducing information at multiple levels comprises steps of recording an information-coding pit at one of multiple levels in each of recording domains placed successively on a track of an optical information recording medium by utilizing combination of a width in a track direction of an information-coding pit and a position in the track direction of the information-coding pit, detecting reproduced signals at two or more positions in the recording domain, and reproducing the information according to judgment of the width of the information pit by comparison of the reproduced signals with a predetermined threshold width value and judgment of the shift direction and/or shift degree by comparison with levels of the plural reproduced signals.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst material comprising a conductive material coated with a polynuclear complex molecule derived from at least two types of heteromonocyclic compounds and a catalyst metal coordinated to the coating layer of the polynuclear complex molecule, and a catalyst material comprising a conductive material coated with a polynuclear complex molecule derived from a heteromonocyclic compound and a catalyst metal, which is a composite of a noble metal and a transition metal, coordinated to the coating layer of the polynuclear complex molecule. Such catalyst material of the invention has excellent catalytic performance and serviceability as, for example, an electrode of fuel cells.

Abstract: A method of recording multivalued information by writing, by using a photo spot, an information pit on a virtual cell that is set on a track of an optical information recording medium, while changing a width of the information pit in the direction of the track, and of reproducing the multivalued information by detecting a level of the multistep reproduced signal from the information pit, includes: recording different pieces of multivalued information in a learning area of the optical information recording medium on a unit cell (predetermined number of cells) basis; sampling the reproduced signals of the multivalued information on the unit cell basis by using the photo spot; storing the reproduced signals in the sampled learning area on the unit cell basis; recording the multivalued information in a user data area of the optical information recording medium; sampling, by using the photo spots, the reproduced signals from the multivalued information recorded on the user data area; and reproducing the multivalue

Abstract: The present invention provides an information reproducing method which does not need to insert a special pit row for detecting a phase error but can extract phase error information for producing a reproduction clock from a reproduced signal. This method specifically includes: arranging a cell of a decreased multivalued degree having information recorded by one M-value (M<N) in one part of recorded information, e.g., at each cell having information recorded by an N-value (N?3); sampling a reproduced signal when the center of a light spot comes to the center of the cell recorded by the M-value, and detecting the cell center value; and obtaining a phase error for producing a reproduction clock based on a previously derived ideal value of the cell center value, a previously derived gradient of the reproduced signal in the vicinity of the ideal value of the cell center value, and the detected cell center value.

Abstract: An optical information recording/reproducing apparatus is adapted to record and/or reproduce multilevel information on/or from an optical information recording medium. The multilevel information is recorded in the form of pits in cells virtually formed at regular intervals on a track. The respective levels are represented by varying the length or the area of information pits such that a reproduced signal has a different amplitude level depending on the length or the area of information pits. A reproduced signal correction circuit corrects a reproduced signal obtained by performing sampling at the center of each cell. An error power calculation circuit calculates error power on the basis of the difference between the corrected reproduced signal and an ideal value of each level of the cell. A decoder performs decoding on the basis of the calculated error power values.

Abstract: Provided are an optical information reproducing method capable of determining multi-level information with high precision, and an apparatus for the method. Specifically, a cell having a reduced multi-level is provided in a portion of a data region to perform the level correction or the AGC. For example, a cell recorded with an M-value for each group including a plurality of cells, each of which is recorded with an N-value (N?3, M<N), is provided. A reproduction signal level of a cell recorded with the N-value, which follows the cell recorded with the M-value, is corrected based on a difference between a cell center value of a reproduction signal sampled when a center of a light spot is moved to a center of the cell recorded with the M-value and a reference value obtained from learning information.

Abstract: In a method of reproducing multilevel information, cell-boundary values are obtained. Each of the cell-boundary values is obtained when the center of a light spot comes at a boundary between adjacent cells. Then, on the basis of the cell-boundary values and prestored reference values for the cell-boundary value, cell-boundary-value metrics are calculated. Furthermore, on the basis of the cell-boundary-value metrics, path metrics are calculated.

Abstract: An optical information recording method includes the steps of irradiating laser light onto cells provided on a track of an optical information recording medium, recording on the optical information recording medium n-level multilevel information including information of level 0 for which no information pit is formed, by changing, for each of the cells, widths in a track direction or sizes of information pits in the cells, and, for recording the information of level 0, irradiating the laser light at a power that is greater than an erasing power for erasing the information pits and that does not permit formation of the information pits.

Abstract: In three consecutive cells consisting of a preceding cell, a center cell, and a subsequent cell, a possible change rate of the amplitude of a reproduced signal for the center cell with respect to the sum of the multiple values of the preceding and subsequent cells is obtained in advance. Then, for reproduction, the sum of the multiple values of the adjacent preceding and subsequent cells is obtained with respect to each cell. The amplitude of the reproduced signal obtained at the center cell is corrected to be closer to a reference value on the basis of the obtained change rate and sum.

Abstract: An optical information reproduction method includes the steps of detecting, in at least two adjacent virtual cells provided in a recording/reproduction area of an optical information medium, at least two cell center signal levels and a cell boundary signal level between the cell center signal levels and acquiring phase error information of a reproduction signal based on a difference between the detected cell boundary signal level and an ideal cell boundary signal level obtained in advance and on a gradient of reproduction signal levels corresponding to the detected cell center signal levels.

Abstract: A multi-level information reproducing method is provided which can increase the degree of separation between distributions of cell boundary values to thereby improve the accuracy of reproduction. Specifically, in a method of reproducing multi-level information recorded on a track of an optical information recording medium by virtually providing cells at equal intervals and by varying a width of an information pit in a track direction or an area of an information pit, a cell boundary value (a value obtained by sampling a reproduced signal when a center of a light spot is located at a boundary of cells) is corrected based on cell center values of two cells adjacent to the boundary (a value obtained by sampling a reproduced signal when the center of the light spot is located at a center of a cell), and the multi-level information is reproduced based on the corrected cell boundary value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-level information recording/reproducing method of recording or reproducing multi-level information by virtually setting cells at constant regular intervals on a track of an optical information medium where information is recorded or reproduced with a light spot and by varying an information pit width in a direction of the track or an information pit area, comprising the steps of: detecting a reproduced signal by radiating a light spot onto the track; detecting a cell border value by sampling the reproduced signal when the center of the light spot falls on a border between one cell and its following cell; and judging multi-level information of the following cell based on the cell border value.

Abstract: Information is recorded on an information recording medium such as a magneto-optical recording medium, having two recording tracks arranged alternately, typically in a double spiral manner. The two recording tracks have different recording characteristics and information is firstly recorded on the recording track less liable to cross write, typically on a land section, and subsequently on the recording track more liable to cross write, typically on a groove section.

Abstract: Information is recorded on an information recording medium such as a magneto-optical recording medium, having two recording tracks arranged alternately typically in a double spiral manner. The two recording tracks have different recording characteristics and information is firstly recorded on the recording track less liable to cross write, typically on a land section, and subsequently on the recording track more liable to cross write, typically on a groove section.

Abstract: In a process for producing vinyl chloride polymers including polymerization of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture containing it in an aqueous medium using a polymerization initiator, the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a chelating agent. The chelating agent is capable of chelating iron (II) and iron (III). This process makes it possible to prevent polymer scales from adhering to, e.g. baffle surfaces facing inner walls of the polymerization vessel, which has been hitherto difficult to do so, and less cause initial discoloration of polymer products to improve quality. It is more effective to use a polymerization vessel previously provided with coating films of a polymer scale preventive agent on the inner walls of the polymerization vessel and the other portions with which monomers come into contact in the course of polymerization.

Abstract: A method of exposure to a light pattern containing a first strip-shaped portion extending in a first direction and a second strip-shaped portion extending in a second direction comprises steps of placing, on a light-receiving face, a first mask having a strip-shaped slit corresponding to the first strip-shaped portion extending in a first direction of the pattern, projecting, to the first mask, a first linearly polarized light beam polarized in the second direction to irradiate the light-receiving face through the slit of the first mask, removing the first mask from the light-receiving face, and placing, on the light-receiving face, a second mask having a strip-shaped slit corresponding to the second strip-shaped portion extending in a second direction of the pattern and projecting, to the second mask, a second linearly polarized light beam polarized in the first direction to irradiate the light-receiving face through the slit of the second mask.

Abstract: A method for reproducing information from a magneto-optical medium which includes a memory layer composed of magnetic film and a displacement layer composed of a magnetic film laminated with the memory layer is provided. Information signals are recorded on magnetized areas arranged in a predetermined direction on the memory layer. Domain walls having arc shapes curved in the same direction are formed on borders of the magnetized areas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an information recording-reproducing method, wherein a domain wall is displaced on a recording medium in which information has been recorded, thereby conducting the reproduction of the information, the method comprising, projecting a light spot on the recording medium, relatively moving the light spot and the recording medium, applying a magnetic field modulated according to the information to the site projected by the light spot to form record marks the maximum mark length of which is at most 0.15 times the spot size of the light spot and displacing the domain wall from the front to the back of the moving direction of the light spot by a temperature distribution formed on the recording medium by the light spot, and at the same time detecting the displacement of the domain wall from reflected light of the light spot, thereby detecting the record marks.

Abstract: A magneto-optical information reproducing apparatus and method reproduces information by displacement of a domain wall of a magnetic domain recorded by mark-edge recording on a recording medium. The apparatus applies a magnetic field for reproduction, extracts a signal produced by displacement of a domain wall of one of a front edge and a rear edge of a magnetic domain, then optionally reverses the direction of the magnetic field, and extracts a signal produced by displacement of the domain wall at the other edge. The apparatus may also synthesize a signal produced by displacement of a domain wall at the front edge with a signal produced by displacement of a domain wall at the rear edge, with the synthesized signal being used as the reproduced signal.