Abstract: A slag monitoring device 100 for a coal gasifier includes a slag hole camera 11 that observes a slag hole 3 from which molten slag flows out, a water surface camera 12 that observes a situation in which the slag flowing out from the slag hole 3 falls onto a water surface 5H of cooling water 5, a falling sound sensor 13 that observes a sound of the slag falling onto the water surface 5H, and a processing device 20 that determines a solidification and adhesion position of the slag based on an opening area of the slag hole 3 observed by the slag hole camera 11 and falling lines and falling positions of the slag observed by the water surface camera.

Abstract: A first estimated state of charge is output based on an estimated open voltage of a secondary battery. A second estimated state of charge is output based on the result obtained by integrating the measured current of the secondary battery and the upper limit of the error of the measured current and the capacity of the secondary battery. A third estimated state of charge is output based on the result obtained by integrating the measured current and the lower limit of the error of the measured current and the battery capacity. A fourth estimated state of charge is output based on the result obtained by integrating the measured current and the battery capacity. The fourth estimated state of charge is output as a state of charge within the period of the predetermined period.

Abstract: The battery state-of-charge calculation device (100) is provided with a SOCV calculation unit (5) which outputs a first state of charge calculated based on voltage data, a SOCI calculation unit (6) which outputs a second state of charge calculated based on current data, an estimated impedance voltage calculation unit (12) which calculates an impedance voltage value based on an effective state of charge and the current data, a static determination unit (7) which determines that the impedance voltage value remains static for a predetermined time or longer in a range identified by a predetermined threshold value and outputs the determination result; and a SOC decision unit (20) which, based on the determination result, outputs the first state of charge as the effective state of charge where the impedance voltage value is static and outputs the second state of charge as the effective state of charge where the impedance voltage value is not static.

Abstract: A first estimated state of charge is output based on an estimated open voltage of a secondary battery. A second estimated state of charge is output based on the result obtained by integrating the measured current of the secondary battery and the upper limit of the error of the measured current and the capacity of the secondary battery. A third estimated state of charge is output based on the result obtained by integrating the measured current and the lower limit of the error of the measured current and the battery capacity. A fourth estimated state of charge is output based on the result obtained by integrating the measured current and the battery capacity. The fourth estimated state of charge is output as a state of charge within the period of the predetermined period.

Abstract: A slag monitoring device 100 for a coal gasifier includes a slag hole camera 11 that observes a slag hole 3 from which molten slag flows out, a water surface camera 12 that observes a situation in which the slag flowing out from the slag hole 3 falls onto a water surface 5H of cooling water 5, a falling sound sensor 13 that observes a sound of the slag falling onto the water surface 5H, and a processing device 20 that determines a solidification and adhesion position of the slag based on an opening area of the slag hole 3 observed by the slag hole camera 11 and falling lines and falling positions of the slag observed by the water surface camera.

Abstract: Objects are to reduce the burden on an operator and to improve fabrication efficiency. A transparent conductive film or a transparent optical film formed on a substrate W is irradiated with line illumination light by means of a line illumination device 3, line reflected light reflected at the transparent conductive film or the transparent optical film is detected with a camera, a color evaluation value of the detected reflected light is measured, and a film thickness corresponding to the measured color evaluation value is obtained using a film-thickness characteristic in which the color evaluation value is associated with the film thickness.

Abstract: The battery state-of-charge calculation device (100) is provided with a SOCV calculation unit (5) which outputs a first state of charge calculated based on voltage data, a SOCI calculation unit (6) which outputs a second state of charge calculated based on current data, an estimated impedance voltage calculation unit (12) which calculates an impedance voltage value based on an effective state of charge and the current data, a static determination unit (7) which determines that the impedance voltage value remains static for a predetermined time or longer in a range identified by a predetermined threshold value and outputs the determination result; and a SOC decision unit (20) which, based on the determination result, outputs the first state of charge as the effective state of charge where the impedance voltage value is static and outputs the second state of charge as the effective state of charge where the impedance voltage value is not static.

Abstract: An object is to improve production efficiency as well as reducing the burden on an operator. Light is radiated on a crystalline silicon film used for a thin-film silicon device, reflection light reflected by the crystalline silicon film is detected, a parameter of the luminance of the detected reflection light is measured, and film quality evaluation of the crystalline silicon film is performed in accordance with whether the parameter of the luminance is within a predetermined proper range or not.

Abstract: Objects are to reduce the burden on an operator and to improve fabrication efficiency. A transparent conductive film or a transparent optical film formed on a substrate W is irradiated with line illumination light by means of a line illumination device 3, line reflected light reflected at the transparent conductive film or the transparent optical film is detected with a camera, a color evaluation value of the detected reflected light is measured, and a film thickness corresponding to the measured color evaluation value is obtained using a film-thickness characteristic in which the color evaluation value is associated with the film thickness.

Abstract: An object is to improve production efficiency as well as reducing the burden on an operator. Light is radiated on a crystalline silicon film used for a thin-film silicon device, reflection light reflected by the crystalline silicon film is detected, a parameter of the luminance of the detected reflection light is measured, and film quality evaluation of the crystalline silicon film is performed in accordance with whether the parameter of the luminance is within a predetermined proper range or not.

Abstract: A camera includes a base section, and a grip section which is provided in at least one lateral end of the camera, bending to a rear side of the camera. The grip section is disposed with a slip-proof section adjacent to a zoom key which is longitudinally arranged. Additionally, a slip-proof section to prevent finger slipping is positioned on a back surface of the grip section.

Abstract: An object is to reduce film thickness measurement error. Illumination light having different wavelengths is radiated onto a plurality of samples in which thin films having different film qualities and film thicknesses are provided on substrates, evaluation values related to the amounts of transmitted light when the illumination light of each wavelength is radiated are measured, film thickness characteristics, showing the relationship between the evaluation values and the film thicknesses for each film quality, are formed at each wavelength based on the measurement results, and among the film thickness characteristics, a wavelength at which a measurement difference between the evaluation values caused by the film qualities is in a predetermined range is selected.

Abstract: An acid addition salt of a carba-sugar amine derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may have one or at least two of the following substituent (I) or (II), or R1 and R2 are taken together to represent a substituent (III) (R8 to R12 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group), with the proviso that both R1 and R2 are not a hydrogen atom at the same time; R3, R4 and R7 each independently represents a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent; and R5 and R6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent, with the proviso that when one of R5 and R6 is a hydrogen atom, the other is a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent.

Abstract: It is provided in the present invention a camera comprising a base section (170), and a grip section (180) which is provided in at least one lateral end (140, 150) of the camera, bending toward to a back of the camera and is disposed with a slip-proof section (121) adjacent to a zoom key (123) which is longitudinally arranged.

Abstract: An acid addition salt of a carba-sugar amine derivative represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group which may have one or at least two of the following substituent (I) or (II), or R1 and R2 are taken together to represent a substituent (III) (R8 to R12 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group), with the proviso that both R1 and R2 are not a hydrogen atom at the same time; R3, R4 and R7 each independently represents a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent; and R5 and R6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent, with the proviso that when one of R5 and R6 is a hydrogen atom, the other is a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent.