Abstract: An ultrasonic time measurement device measures a propagation time of a measurement wave transmitted from a first sensor to a second sensor. The device includes a transmission circuit that causes the first sensor to repeatedly transmit measurement waves one at a time and a reception circuit that detects reception at the second sensor, of the respective measurement wave transmitted from the first sensor. The device further measures elapsed times for the measurement waves, each of the elapsed times being an elapsed time from a reference time to a reception time of the respective measurement wave received by the second sensor and calculate the propagation time of the measurement wave from the first sensor to the second sensor based on the elapsed times measured by the time measurer.

Abstract: A fire resistant composition for forming a fire resisting lining is characteristically and substantially composed of ettringite contained as a main ingredient. A panel that is attachable to a building body so as to form an external wall thereof is composed of a base plate and the fire resisting lining that contains ettringite as its main ingredient and covers the base plate. A structure of an external wall of buildings, the structure has the panels attached to the building body to form a plane and having their sides adjoined one to another, and the base plate in each panel has a periphery not covered with the lining. A groove-shaped cavity appearing between the adjacent lining edges facing one another is filled with a caulking material, so that the fire resistance afforded by the composition and the panels is further enhanced.

Abstract: A fire resistant composition for forming a fire resisting lining is characteristically and substantially composed of ettringite contained as a main ingredient. A panel that is attachable to a building body so as to form an external wall thereof is composed of a base plate and the fire resisting lining that contains ettringite as its main ingredient and covers the base plate. A structure of an external wall of buildings, the structure has the panels attached to the building body to form a plane and having their sides adjoined one to another, and the base plate in each panel has a periphery not covered with the lining. A groove-shaped cavity appearing between the adjacent lining edges facing one another is filled with a caulking material, so that the fire resistance afforded by the composition and the panels is further enhanced.