Abstract: An antenna includes an antenna element to transmit or receive electromagnetic signals, and a ground conductor to be grounded. The antenna element includes two conductors arranged substantially parallel to each other, a power feed portion provided between one conductor of the two conductors and the ground conductor, and connected to a feed system, a shorting portion for electrically connecting an other conductor of the two conductors and the ground conductor, and a conductor connecting portion for electrically connecting the two conductors together. The distance between the two conductors is not more than 1/100 a wavelength equivalent to a minimum frequency of operating frequencies of the antenna.

Abstract: There is provided an electromagnetic coupler, which includes: a first conductor pattern and at least one second conductor pattern separated from the first conductor pattern, the first conductor pattern and the at least one second conductor pattern being formed in a first conductor layer; a feed pattern connected to a feeding system and a ground pattern separated from the feed pattern, the feed pattern and the ground pattern being composed of a conductor and formed in a second conductor layer; and a plurality of linear conductors electrically connecting the first conductor pattern with the feed pattern and connecting the second conductor pattern with the ground pattern, the plurality of linear conductors being formed between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer. Furthermore, the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer are parallel to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor file system features a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating correspondence between physical and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information. The controller determines a physical sector address.

Abstract: A semiconductor file system features a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating correspondence between physical and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information. The controller determines a physical sector address.

Abstract: A control method and system when a flash memory is used. as a semiconductor disk or a main memory in an information processing system. A semiconductor file system comprises a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller which controls the memories, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating the correspondence between physical addresses at which the data is stored and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information required for inputting and outputting the data from and to the external system and read-only data of the data.

Abstract: A control method and system when a flash memory is used as a semiconductor disk or a main memory in an information processing system. A semiconductor file system comprises a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller which controls the memories, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating the correspondence between physical addresses at which the data is stored and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information required for inputting and outputting the data from and to the external system and read-only data of the data.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory card, using a rewritable non-volatile memory is provided with an improved write-protect arrangement. The non-volatile memory includes a collectively electrically erasable and writable memory (e.g., a flash memory), a reset IC for generating a power-on reset signal upon turn-on of the power supply, and a card controller for performing control between each flash memory device and a memory card interface. The flash memory is set with a write protect save register written with an address of an area desired to be subjected to write protect, the write protect save register belonging to an attribute area, and a protect range is set from the system. Since the address to be write-protected is itself written in the non-volatile flash memory, the address will continue to be stored, even if the power is turned off. A method for software write protection control is also provided.

Abstract: A control method and system when a flash memory is used as a semiconductor disk or a main memory in an information processing system. A semiconductor file system comprises a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller which controls the memories, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating the correspondence between physical addresses at which the data is stored and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information required for inputting and outputting the data from and to the external system and read-only data of the data.

Abstract: A control method and system when a flash memory is used as a semiconductor disk or a main memory in an information processing system. A semiconductor file system comprises a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller which controls the memories, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating the correspondence between physical addresses at which the data is stored and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information required for inputting and outputting the data from and to the external system and read-only data of the data.

Abstract: A copying machine having the ability to read and store an image of an original document in a memory means is provided. An operator can interrupt a copying process of the original document and enter an image of a subsequent document into the copying machine and have it reproduced at a subsequent time period which can be preset. The copying machine can reserve and reproduce the reserved image, even if there is an inadvertent activation of an off switch on the power supply.

Abstract: A control method and system when a flash memory is used as a semiconductor disk or a main memory in an information processing system. A semiconductor file system comprises a first nonvolatile memory electrically erasable, a second nonvolatile memory not electrically erasable, a volatile memory, a controller which controls the memories, and a control section which controls the controller wherein a physical address corresponding to a logical address specified from an external system is accessed. The first nonvolatile memory stores data for the external system to perform operations, first management information indicating the correspondence between physical addresses at which the data is stored and logical addresses, and second management information indicating a state of the first nonvolatile memory. The second nonvolatile memory previously stores interface information required for inputting and outputting the data from and to the external system and read-only data of the data.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which includes an electrophotographic copying machine operable to form an image on a recording paper and a laser printer operable to form an image on a recording paper independently of the copying machine. The copying machine includes a paper feeder from which the recording papers are selectively supplied to an electrophotographic image forming station in the copying machine and to a paper supply unit in the laser printer. The image forming apparatus also includes a paper recirculating unit operable at a specific timing to replenish the recording paper, supplied from the paper feeder, onto the paper supply unit in the laser printer.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus having a high-contrast mode of operation for reading character images and a halftone mode of operation for reading halftone images, including an image sensor converting optical image information into electric signals, an optical system for projecting an image on a document onto the image sensor, a threshold signal generator capable of generating a plurality of first threshold signals and operative to output one of the first threshold signals, a threshold signal generator capable of generating a plurality of second threshold signals and operative to output one of the second threshold signals, a mode selector circuit for selecting the high-contrast or halftone mode of operation, a density selector circuit for selecting the first threshold signal during the high-contrast mode of operation and the second threshold signal during the halftone mode of operation, and a combination of circuit networks for outputting halftone image signals during the high-contrast mode of operation on the bas

Abstract: The improvement of a complex machine comprises a host computer, a duplicator, a laser printer, and a sheet supply unit. In a first sheet supply mode a sheet is supplied from the sheet supply unit to the duplicator; and in a second sheet supply mode a sheet is supplied from the sheet supply unit to the printer. The complex machine further comprises sheet transfer mode selecting means for selecting one of an interruption mode wherein the sheet supply mode currently set up is interrupted to proceed to a selected sheet supply mode, a wait mode wherein the selected sheet supply mode is effected after completing the process of the sheet supply mode currently set, and a rejection mode wherein proceeding to the selected sheet supply mode is rejected when either one of the first and second sheet supply modes is currently set up and the other one of the two sheet supply modes is selected concurrently.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided with a host computer, a copier, and a printer operable in response to instructions from the host computer. Upon receipt of image information from the host computer, the printer forms an image on a first sheet whereas the copier forms on a second sheet an image of a document placed on a document platform. The apparatus is further provided with a document conveying device for conveying to the document platform the first sheet as a document on which the image has been formed by the printer. The apparatus has at least two drive modes: a single drive mode at which all the transcripts are prepared by sole use of the printer and a double drive mode at which the first sheet having the image formed by the printer is conveyed by the document conveying device so that the rest of transcripts are prepared by the copier.

Abstract: A plurality of index members are arranged at desired positions on an end portion of a platen glass, the members being movable in a scanning direction of a scanner. A black mark is provided on a rear surface of each index member, and the mark as well as the original are read by an image reader, so that the positions of the index members can be detected. When one of the index members is detected as the scanner is moved, the image signals of the original included in the scanning region of the scanner are not outputted until the next index member is detected. In this manner, by continuously outputting image signals only of the desired areas of the original, the column skip edition can be readily and surely carried out.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming a color image in a plurality of colors including a plurality of image forming units which are different in image forming color from each other, a spatial frequency detector for detecting a spatial frequency relating to an image of a prescribed color for every portion of an image to be formed, and a control unit for controlling the image forming units to perform image formation by one of the image forming units in a portion belonging to that having a high spatial frequency within portions to be subjected to image formation in the prescribed color while performing image formation by overlapping a plurality of colors through at least two of the image forming units in a portion belonging to that having a low spatial frequency on the basis of a detection output from the spatial frequency detector. Method steps for improving image color reproducibility are also described.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus having a high-contrast mode of operation for reading character images and a halftone mode of operation for reading halftone images, including an image sensor converting optical image information into electric signals, an optical system for projecting an image on a document onto the image sensor, a threshold signal generator capable of generating a plurality of first threshold signals and operative to output one of the first threshold signals, a threshold signal generator capable of generating a plurality of second threshold signals and operative to output one of the second threshold signals, a mode selector circuit for selecting the high-contrast or halftone mode of operation, a density selector circuit for selecting the first threshold signal during the high-contrast mode of operation and the second threshold signal during the halftone mode of operation, and a combination of circuit networks for outputting halftone image signals during the high-contrast mode of operation on the bas

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus comprising a receiver for receiving a data transmitted through a line; image forming device for forming a toner image on a recording paper in accordance with the data; thermal fixing device for fixing the toner image on the recording paper by heating; detecting apparatus for detecting an operating condition of the receiver and outputting a signal in accordance with the receiving condition; and temperature controlling device for controlling an operating condition of the thermal fixing device based on the signal from the detecting apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which includes an exposing device for projecting light onto an original so as to form an electrostatic latent image of an original image on a photosensitive surface of a photoreceptor, a reading device for reading the original image through separation per predetermined color in a reading picture element unit, a designating device for designating the color to be erased, an erasing device for erasing desired region of the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor per erasing picture element unit, a converting device for converting color data in the reading picture element unit into color data in the erasing picture element unit, a display device for displaying the region to be erased based on the color data in the erasing picture element unit, and a control device for controlling the erasing device based on the color data in the erasing picture element unit obtained through conversion of the color designated by the designating device, by the convert