Abstract: Composition including (a) a fluoropolymer; and (b1) at least one of a compound represented by the formula (4) ((H—(CF2)7—COO)pM1) or the formula (4?) ((H—(CF2)8—COO)pM1) of the present disclosure, both respectively in an amount of 100 ppb or less relative to the fluoropolymer, or (b2) at least one of a compound represented by the formula (5) ((H—(CF2)13—COO)pM1) or the formula (5?) ((H—(CF2)14—COO)pM1) of the present disclose, both respectively in an amount of 100 ppb or less relative to the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A composition including a fluoropolymer and substantially free from a compound represented by the following formula (3): (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2, wherein M2 is H, a metal atom, NR54, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent; R5s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and q is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Powder including low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having an average particle size of 1.0 to 50 ?m, and containing 30 or more carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, wherein the powder is substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, which includes polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene. A total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant at the initiation of polymerization is more than 50 ppm based on the aqueous medium.

Abstract: A core-shell particle including a core containing a perfluoropolymer and a shell containing a non-fluorine resin, the core having a periphery coated with the non-fluorine resin at a coverage of 90% or more, the perfluoropolymer being a polymer containing a polymerized unit based on a perfluoro monomer in an amount of 90 mol % or more relative to all polymerized units, and the shell having a mass of 50 or less relative to a total mass of the core and the shell of 80. Also disclosed is a method for producing the core-shell particle.

Abstract: Powder including low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having an average particle size of 1.0 to 50 ?m, and containing 30 or more carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, wherein the powder is substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1), the polymer (1) including a polymerized unit derived from a monomer CX2?CY(—CZ2—O—Rf-A), wherein X is the same or different and is —H or —F; Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a C1-C40 fluorine-containing alkylene group or a C-C100 fluorine-containing alkylene group and having an ether bond; and A is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M, wherein M is —H, a metal atom, —NR74, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R7 is H or an organic group, providing that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1), the polymer (1) including a polymerized unit derived from a monomer CX2?CY(—CZ2—O—Rf-A), wherein X is the same or different and is —H or —F; Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a C1-C40 fluorine-containing alkylene group or a C—C100 fluorine-containing alkylene group and having an ether bond; and A is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M, wherein M is —H, a metal atom, —NR74, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R7 is H or an organic group, providing that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A predicting method includes a first step and a second step. The first step includes outputting initial information indicating states of a structure and an object when the object is assembled to the structure, by simulating a process of assembling the object to the structure. The second step includes outputting first prediction information indicating future states of the structure and the object by simulating temporal change of assembly state in which the object is assembled to the structure, using the initial information.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, the surfactant being represented by the general formula (1): CR1R2R4—CR3R5—X-A, wherein R1 to R5 are each H or a monovalent substituent, with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R3 represents a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6 and at least one of R2 and R3 represents a group represented by the general formula: —X-A or a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6; and A is the same or different at each occurrence and is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M. Also disclosed is a surfactant for polymerization represented by the general formula (1), a method for producing a fluoropolymer using the surfactant, a composition including a fluoropolymer and the surfactant and a molded body including the composition.

Abstract: A sealing member is one used for a cylindrical lithium-ion battery. The sealing member is interposed between a bottom-closed cylindrical case and a cap, is made of perfluoropolymer, and has dimensions that meet the following relational expressions: when an axial distance from a cap upper surface to a leading end portion in a case is defined as HC, an axial distance from the cap upper surface to a leading end portion in the sealing member is defined as HG, a thickness of the sealing member is defined as TG, a value of TG divided by HG is defined as X (=TG/HG), and a value of HG divided by HC is defined as Y (=HG/HC), X>0.800TG?0.324??(1) Y<?0.778TG+1.670??(2) Y>0.594X2?1.176X+0.913??(3).

Abstract: Powder including low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having an average particle size of 1.0 to 50 ?m, and containing 30 or more carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, wherein the powder is substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, the surfactant being represented by the general formula (1): CR1R2R4—CR3R5—X-A, wherein R1 to R5 are each H or a monovalent substituent, with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R3 represents a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6 and at least one of R2 and R5 represents a group represented by the general formula: —X-A or a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6; and A is the same or different at each occurrence and is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M. Also disclosed is a surfactant for polymerization represented by the general formula (1), a method for producing a fluoropolymer using the surfactant and a composition including a fluoropolymer and the surfactant.

Abstract: Powder including low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having an average particle size of 1.0 to 50 ?m, and containing 30 or more carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, wherein the powder is substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: A composition including a fluoropolymer and substantially free from a compound represented by the following formula (3): (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2, wherein M2 is H, a metal atom, NR54, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent; R5s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and q is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer of the invention which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer. The surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2a—CO—R3a-Aa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-Ab.

Abstract: A magnet wire including a conductor and an insulating coating formed on an outer periphery of the conductor. The insulating coating contains a copolymer containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a fluoroalkyl vinyl ether unit. The copolymer has a melt flow rate of 10 to 60 g/10 min, and the copolymer has a fluoroalkyl vinyl ether unit content of 6.2 to 8.0% by mass based on a total content of monomer units.

Abstract: A surfactant for polymerization including at least one selected from a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2a—CO—R3a—OSO3Xa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-OSO3Xb, wherein R1a, R2a, R3a, Xa, R1b, R2b, R3b, R4b, L and Xb are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a composition containing a fluoropolymer and the at least one surfactant, a composition containing a fluoropolymer and a compound represented by (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2, where M2 is as defined herein, and a molded article made from the composition containing a fluoropolymer and the compound represented by (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer. The surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2a—CO—R3a—OSO3Xa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-OSO3Xb.

Abstract: A sealing structure for a battery includes a plate shaped member having a through hole, a polymer molding, and an electrode. The polymer molding has a tube portion provided along an entire edge of the through hole, and a base portion provided on the tube portion. The electrode has a column portion disposed on an inner periphery of the tube portion, and a plate portion provided on the column portion. A back surface of the plate shaped member contacts a front surface of the base portion. A front surface of the plate portion contacts a back surface of the base portion. At least one of the back surface of the plate shaped member and the front surface of the plate portion has an annular projection provided around the through hole and projecting toward the base portion.