Abstract: The present invention is a high-quality bisphenol A wherein the content of sodium is not more than 80 ppb and the content of each element of the group A consisting of iron, nickel, chromium, manganese, lead, and molybdenum is not more than 50 ppb, or a high-quality bisphenol A containing an organic compound such as 9,9′-dimethylxanthene, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylchroman, 2,2,4-trimethyl-chromene, etc., in an amount of lower than a specific amount, and a preparation process of these high-quality bisphenol A. When an aromatic polycarbonate is prepared using the high-quality bisphenol of the invention, an aromatic polycarbonate which is not colored at the preparation thereof and molding the polycarbonate.

Abstract: Methanol is produced by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Raney copper catalyst containing 80 to 99.9 wt. % of copper in a solvent. The catalysts employed in the present invention showed a much higher activity even under the conditions of a low temperature in methanol production, than any of the known catalysts. The process of the methanol production may eliminate necessity for recycling an unreacted synthesis gas into the reaction system, and makes it feasible to conduct methanol synthesis at a lower pressure than conventional processes.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a Diels-Alder addition product of a conjugated diolefin and acrylonitrile by reacting the conjugated diolefin with acrylonitrile, a vessel type reactor is used. The pressure of the gaseous phase in the reactor is increased by using an inert gas in the reaction. A premixed solution of the conjugated diolefin or a compound which produces the conjugated diolefin in the reactor and acrylonitrile is released through an upper portion of the reactor into the gaseous phase and then dropped into a liquid phase to react. A reaction product is taken out through a lower portion of the reactor. The process can be carried out continuously in a safe manner over an extended period of time without any adhesion of an insoluble polymer to the reactor or to the inlet or outlet pipes, and without sudden pressure fluctuations.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention are novel diguanamine derivatives, led by 2,5/2,6-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and 1,3/1,4-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-cyclohexanes, and derivatives thereof, applications of these compounds in fields such as adhesives and paints, utilization of these compounds in flame-retarding, thermal stabilization and compatibilization methods of resins, thermosetting molding compositions and thermosetting expansion-molding compositions making use of these compounds, as well as polymeric microspheres also using these compounds. These compounds are expected to find wide spread industrial utility as various excellent properties can be obtained by using them.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention are novel diguanamine derivatives, led by 2,5/2,6-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and 1,3/1,4-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-cyclohexanes, and derivatives thereof, applications of these compounds in fields such as adhesives and paints, utilization of these compounds in flame-retarding, thermal stabilization and compatibilization methods of resins, thermosetting molding compositions and thermosetting expansion-molding compositions making use of these compounds, as well as polymeric microspheres also using these compounds. These compounds are expected to find wide spread industrial utility as various excellent properties can be obtained by using them.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention are novel diguanamine derivatives, led by 2,5/2,6-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and 1,3/1,4-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-cyclohexanes, and derivatives thereof, applications of these compounds in fields such as adhesives and paints, utilization of these compounds in flame-retarding, thermal stabilization and compatibilization methods of resins, thermosetting molding compositions and thermosetting expansion-molding compositions making use of these compounds, as well as polymeric microspheres also using these compounds. These compounds are expected to find wide spread industrial utility as various excellent properties can be obtained by using them.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention are novel diguanamine derivatives, led by 2,5/2,6-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and 1,3/1,4-bis(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-cyclohexanes, and derivatives thereof, applications of these compounds in fields such as adhesives and paints, utilization of these compounds in flame-retarding, thermal stabilization and compatibilization methods of resins, thermosetting molding compositions and thermosetting expansion-molding compositions making use of these compounds, as well as polymeric microspheres also using these compounds. These compounds are expected to find wide spread industrial utility as various excellent properties can be obtained by using them.

Abstract: Alpha-hydroxy-isobutyramide is produced by continuously hydrating acetone cyanohydrin in a liquid phase in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst and in the presence of a particular oxide dissolved in water, oxoacid, heteropolyacid or a salt of the acids.

Abstract: Amides are produced by reacting nitriles with water in a liquid phase in the presence of a manganese oxide containing an element selected from Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, IIIB, IVB, VB , VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: .alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated carboxylic acid esters are produced by a catalytic reaction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid amides with aliphatic alcohols in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or a composite oxide thereof containing phosphorus.

Abstract: An .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid is produced by catalytically reacting an .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid amide of the formula (1), ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, provided that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is the alkyl group, with water in the presence of a solid acid catalyst containing a high surface area rare earth phosphate anhydride having the monoclinic system structure producible by heating a rare earth phosphate of the hexagonal system structure at 60.degree.-200.degree. C. in a solution of an inorganic acid, an inorganic acid salt and/or an inorganic acid ester where the molar ratio of the inorganic acid component to the rare earth phosphate of the hexagonal system structure is 0.5-400.