Abstract: A gas-barrier multilayer film including: a base member; and at least one thin film layer formed on at least one surface of the base member, wherein at least one layer of the thin film layer(s) satisfies at least one of requirements (A) and (B).

Abstract: A gas-barrier multilayer film including: a base member; and at least one thin film layer formed on at least one surface of the base member, wherein at least one layer of the thin film layer(s) satisfies at least one of requirements (A) and (B).

Abstract: The polymer electrolyte membrane according to the present invention comprises a polymer electrolyte having ion-exchange groups, wherein Sp and Snp satisfy a relationship expressed by the following expression (I): Sp/Snp?0.42??(I) where Sp represents the total of peak areas obtained by measurement of a 13C-solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the polymer electrolyte membrane, the polymer electrolyte membrane having been subjected to a first immersion treatment comprising immersing the polymer electrolyte membrane in 5 mmol/L iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate aqueous solution at 25° C. for 1 hour, and thereafter drying the polymer electrolyte membrane at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a unit cell durability evaluation method for evaluating a unit cell of a fuel cell including a polymer electrolyte membrane, two plate-like electrodes installed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane, two plate-like separators having groove-like gas channels for supplying gases to the electrodes, and a seal component for sealing side faces of the electrodes, in a information-processing equipment, and the method involves a reception step (S01), a model production step (S02, S03), a water distribution calculation step (S04), a strain/stress calculation step (S05), an equivalent stress calculation step (S06), an evaluation value lead-out step (S07, S08), and an output step (S09).

Abstract: The present invention provides, as an electrolyte which is useful as a material for a proton conductive membrane in a solid polymer fuel cell utilizing a gas fuel such as hydrogen gas or a liquid fuel such as methanol or dimethyl ether and which has higher proton conductivity than the conventional electrolytes do, an electrolyte characterized by containing an oxocarbon molecule, wherein the oxocarbon molecule has a difference in heat of formation ?E defined as: ?E=E2?E1 (kcal/mol) satisfying the range of: ?E<?70 (kcal/mol), wherein E1 (kcal/mol) is a heat of formation in the state where a hydrogen ion is non-dissociated, and E2 (kcal/mol) is a heat of formation in the state where a hydrogen having the lowest dissociation energy in the molecule ion is dissociated, both being calculated in regard to the stabilized molecular structure in accordance with a molecular orbital method.

Abstract: A producing method of a polymer electrolyte membrane is provided in which a polymer electrolyte membrane can be easily obtained having excellent ion conductivity in the thickness direction. The preferred producing method of the polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention is a producing method of the polymer electrolyte membrane having a micro phase separation structure, including an evaporating step of evaporating a solvent from a solution containing the polymer electrolyte having an ion conductive group, wherein a time from start to completion of the evaporation of the solvent is 60 minutes or less in the evaporating step.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds, liquid crystal compositions, polymers, optically anisotropic products, and optical or liquid or liquid crystal elements that have large refractive index anisotropy, mix easily with other liquid crystals, have advantageous stability against light, and exhibit absorption at practically short wavelength in the ultraviolet region. The compounds are represented by the formula (1) and have a phenylacetylene structure, wherein difference ?E in energy of HOMO of parts (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) calculated by the method of molecular orbitals is not less than 0.3 electronvolt, and the polarizability anisotropy ?? of a molecule represented by the formula (1) calculated in the same way is not lower than 500 A.U.: (A1 to A4: H, F, alkyl or alkoxy group of C1 to C10 optionally substituted with F; P1, P2; structure fulfilling the conditions of HOMO energy and polarizability).

Abstract: It is an object to provide an optical member capable of enhancing efficiency of utilization of light in a liquid crystal display apparatus by laminating a reflective polarizer with an optical layer having another optical function, and it is another object to provide a liquid crystal display apparatus with increased efficiency of utilization of light from a backlight, using the laminated optical member with the reflective polarizer. The present invention provides a reflective polarizer comprising birefringent bodies including polygonal prisms or circular cylinders a shape of a cross section of which perpendicular to a long axis direction is polygonal or substantially circular, which has an aspect ratio of not less than 2, and which has a refractive index difference of not less than 0.05 between a refractive index in the long axis direction and a refractive index in a short axis direction.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds, liquid crystal compositions, polymers, optically anisotropic producgs, and optical or liquid crystal elements that have large refractive index anisotropy, mix easily with other liquid crystals, have advantageous stability against light, and exhibit absorption at practically short wavelength in the ultraviolet region. The compounds are represented by the formula (1) and have a phenylacetylene structure, wherein difference ?E in energy of HOMO of parts (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) calculated by the method of molecular orbitals is not less than 0.3 electronvolt, and the polarizability anisotropy ?? of a molecule represented by the formula (1) calculated in the same way is not lower than 500 A.U.: P1—H??(1-2) P2—H??(1-3) (A1 to A4: H, F, alkyl or alkoxy group of C1 to C10 optionally substituted with F; P1, P2: structure fulfilling the conditions of HOMO energy and polarizability).

Abstract: A polymeric fluorescent substance exhibiting strong visible fluorescence in solid state. The substance has a polystyrene reduced number-average molecular weight of 1×103 to 1×108, and contains repeating units represented by formula (1), —Ar1—(CR1?CR2)m—??(1) in the formula, Ar1 represents an arylene group having a specific substituent. By using the polymeric fluorescent substance, a high performance polymer LED can be prepared easily.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds, liquid crystal compositions, polymers, optically anisotropic products, and optical or liquid crystal elements that have large refractive index anisotropy, mix easily with other liquid crystals, have advantageous stability against light, and exhibit absorption at practically short wavelength in the ultraviolet region. The compounds are represented by the formula (1) and have a phenylacetylene structure, wherein difference ?E in energy of HOMO of parts (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) calculated by the method of molecular orbitals is not less than 0.3 electronvolt, and the polarizability anisotropy ?? of a molecule represented by the formula (1) calculated in the same way is not lower than 500 A.U.: (A1 to A4: H, F, alkyl or alkoxy group of C1 to C10 optionally substituted with F; P1, P2: structure fulfilling the conditions of HOMO energy and polarizability).

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds, liquid crystal compositions, polymers, optically anisotropic producgs, and optical or liquid crystal elements that have large refractive index anisotropy, mix easily with other liquid crystals, have advantageous stability against light, and exhibit absorption at practically short wavelength in the ultraviolet region. The compounds are represented by the formula (1) and have a phenylacetylene structure, wherein difference &Dgr;E in energy of HOMO of parts (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) calculated by the method of molecular orbitals is not less than 0.3 electronvolt, and the polarizability anisotropy &Dgr;&agr; of a molecule represented by the formula (1) calculated in the same way is not lower than 500 A.U.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel compounds, liquid crystal compositions, polymers, optically anisotropic products, and optical or liquid crystal elements that have large refractive index anisotropy, mix easily with other liquid crystals, have advantageous stability against light, and exhibit absorption at practically short wavelength in the ultraviolet region. The compounds are represented by the formula (1) and have a phenylacetylene structure, wherein difference &Dgr;E in energy of HOMO of parts (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3) calculated by the method of molecular orbitals is not less than 0.3 electronvolt, and the polarizability anisotropy &Dgr;&agr; of a molecule represented by the formula (1) calculated in the same way is not lower than 500 A.U.

Abstract: A polymeric fluorescent substance exhibiting strong visible fluorescence in solid state.

Abstract: Provided is a high heat-resistant polymeric fluorescent substance having a divalent condensed polycyclic aromatic group of specific size having a bonding part at specific position shows fluorescence at a long wave length from orange to red, which is useful for fabricating an organic EL device having excellent properties by a coating method.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic electroluminescence device having at least a light emitting layer between the electrodes consisting of one pair of an anode and a cathode, at least one of which electrodes is transparent or semi-transparent, wherein said light emitting layer comprises a polymeric fluorescent substance which emits a fluorescence in a solid state, is soluble in solvents and comprises at least one kind of repeating unit represented by the following formula (1) and at last one kind of repeating unit represented by the following formula (2) with the number of the formula (1) repeating units being 2-50% of the total number of all the repeating units:--Ar.sub.1 -- (1)--Ar.sub.2 -- (2)wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are each a bifunctional group forming a carbon--carbon bond with each of two adjacent groups, in the chemical structure of Ar.sub.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device having at least a light emitting layer between the electrodes consisting of one pair of an anode and a cathode, at least one of which electrodes is transparent or semi-transparent, wherein said light emitting layer comprises a polymeric fluorescent substance which emits a fluorescence in a solid state, is soluble in solvents and comprises at least one kind of repeating unit represented by the following formula (1) and at least one kind of repeating unit represented by the following formula (2) with the number of the formula (1) repeating units being 2-50% of the total number of all the repeating units:--Ar.sub.1 -- (1)--Ar.sub.2 -- (2)wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are each a bifunctional group forming a carbon--carbon bond with each of two adjacent groups, in the chemical structure of Ar.sub.1, the number of the consecutive atoms present in the shortest path between the two carbon atoms bonding to said two adjacent groups is 1, 3 or 5, and in the chemical structure of Ar.