Abstract: An erosion resistant material has a continuous portion and discontinuous portions. The continuous portion has a continuous structure. The discontinuous portions are arranged inside the continuous portion to have a discontinuous structure. The discontinuous portions are formed of particles having an average particle diameter of 1 ?m or less. Further, the discontinuous portions are formed of a material having a surface hardness and a Young's modulus higher than those of the continuous portion.

Abstract: An erosion resistant material has a continuous portion and discontinuous portions. The continuous portion has a continuous structure. The discontinuous portions are arranged inside the continuous portion to have a discontinuous structure. The discontinuous portions are formed of particles having an average particle diameter of 1 ?m or less. Further, the discontinuous portions are formed of a material having a surface hardness and a Young's modulus higher than those of the continuous portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a rotating electrical machine including a core, a coil extending from the core, and an electromagnetic shield which is provided outside the core, and has a plurality of shoulders projecting toward the coil. The coil includes an insulator covering outside of a conductor, a resistance layer formed on a surface of the insulator and contacting the core, and at least one potential grading layer formed on a surface of the insulator adjacent to the resistance layer. A boundary between the resistance layer and potential grading layer is provided at a position farther from the core than a point on a surface of the coil, where a distance between the coil and a shoulder of the electromagnetic shield closest to the core is the shortest.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a rotating electrical machine including a core, a coil extending from the core, and an electromagnetic shield which is provided outside the core, and has a plurality of shoulders projecting toward the coil. The coil includes an insulator covering outside of a conductor, a resistance layer formed on a surface of the insulator and contacting the core, and at least one potential grading layer formed on a surface of the insulator adjacent to the resistance layer. A boundary between the resistance layer and potential grading layer is provided at a position farther from the core than a point on a surface of the coil, where a distance between the coil and a shoulder of the electromagnetic shield closest to the core is the shortest.

Abstract: A developing device is provided with a developer conveying member in which a plurality of electrodes arranged on a substrate at a predetermined interval are coated with a surface protection layer, the developer conveying member being provided in a developing area that faces an image carrying body whose surface carries an electrostatic latent image, wherein developer is conveyed on the developer conveying member using a traveling-wave electric field that is formed by applying a polyphase voltage to the respective electrodes. The developing device is further provided with a supplying member for supplying the developer onto the developer conveying member, wherein (i) an effective electrode width Le of the respective electrodes in their width direction orthogonal to their arranging direction and (ii) a width Lt of a developer existing area on the supplying member, the width Lt being orthogonal to a direction of supplying the developer, are set so as to satisfy a relation of Lt<Le.

Abstract: On surfaces of insulating layers 1b and 1c of a transportation member 1, a protective layer 1d having a volume resistivity of 1010 ?·cm to 1017 ?·cm is so laminated that a sum of thickness of the insulating layers 1b and 1c is less than intervals between adjacent ones of progressive wave generating electrodes 2. With this arrangement, it is ensured that a progressive wave electric field generated by the progressive wave generating electrodes 2 is exposed beyond a surface of the transportation member 1. Even if developer T and the transportation member 1 contact each other, a surface potential of the transportation member 1 is not changed. Moreover, firm adhering of the toner T to the surface of the transportation member 1 is prevented. It is therefore possible to certainly transport the developer T to a development position always stably.

Abstract: According to a toner and a manufacturing method of the present invention, the toner, which is composed of a binding resin component precipitated in particle shapes with a coloring agent component dispersed in the binding resin component, is produced by dissolving the binding resin component in a supercritical fluid (a SCF), blending the coloring agent component in the SCF, and lowering solubility of the binding resin component for precipitating the binding resin component in the particle shapes. Even when the coloring agent content is increased, by the SCF, the toner can maintain dispersibility of the coloring agent component in the binding resin component precipitated in the particle shapes, meanwhile coloring power is also maintained thereby. Therefore, the toner can promote miniaturization of an image forming apparatus using the toner.

Abstract: A rear electrode is arranged at a location at the back of a toner transport path opposite a supply roller, and the rear electrode is moreover embedded in a support, toner-supplying voltage from rear electrode power supply being applied to rear electrode, toner-supplying electric field being formed in the vicinity or vicinities of supply roller, toner-supplying voltage from a rear electrode power supply being varied as appropriate, and intensity of toner-supplying electric field(s) being adjusted.

Abstract: On surfaces of insulating layers 1b and 1c of a transportation member 1, a protective layer 1d having a volume resistivity of 1010 &OHgr;·cm to 1017 &OHgr;·cm is so laminated that a sum of thickness of the insulating layers 1b and 1c is less than intervals between adjacent ones of progressive wave generating electrodes 2. With this arrangement, it is ensured that a progressive wave electric field generated by the progressive wave generating electrodes 2 is exposed beyond a surface of the transportation member 1. Even if developer T and the transportation member 1 contact each other, a surface potential of the transportation member 1 is not changed. Moreover, firm adhering of the toner T to the surface of the transportation member 1 is prevented. It is therefore possible to certainly transport the developer T to a development position always stably.

Abstract: A developing device is provided with a developer conveying member in which a plurality of electrodes arranged on a substrate at a predetermined interval are coated with a surface protection layer, the developer conveying member being provided in a developing area that faces an image carrying body whose surface carries an electrostatic latent image, wherein developer is conveyed on the developer conveying member using a traveling-wave electric field that is formed by applying a polyphase voltage to the respective electrodes. The developing device is further provided with a supplying member for supplying the developer onto the developer conveying member, wherein (i) an effective electrode width Le of the respective electrodes in their width direction orthogonal to their arranging direction and (ii) a width Lt of a developer existing area on the supplying member, the width Lt being orthogonal to a direction of supplying the developer, are set so as to satisfy a relation of Lt<Le.

Abstract: A developing device comprises: a toner carrying member (15) for carrying toner T towards a photosensitive drum, using a traveling wave electric field; a belt member (16) which is provided so as to cover the surface of the toner carrying member (15), the surface facing the photosensitive drum (2); a belt drive roller (18) which is in touch with the belt member (16) so as to rotate the belt member (16) around the toner carrying member (15); and a drive assistance roller (19) for sandwiching the belt member (16) with the belt drive roller (18). With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a developing device which is silent, small in size, and capable of reducing costs, and an image forming device including the developing device.

Abstract: A developing device comprises: a toner carrying member (15) for carrying toner T towards a photosensitive drum, using a traveling wave electric field; a belt member (16) which is provided so as to cover the surface of the toner carrying member (15), the surface facing the photosensitive drum (2); a belt drive roller (18) which is in touch with the belt member (16) so as to rotate the belt member (16) around the toner carrying member (15); and a drive assistance roller (19) for sandwiching the belt member (16) with the belt drive roller (18). With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a developing device which is silent, small in size, and capable of reducing costs, and an image forming device including the developing device.

Abstract: According to a toner and a manufacturing method of the present invention, the toner, which is composed of a binding resin component precipitated in particle shapes with a coloring agent component dispersed in the binding resin component, is produced by dissolving the binding resin component in a supercritical fluid (a SCF), blending the coloring agent component in the SCF, and lowering solubility of the binding resin component for precipitating the binding resin component in the particle shapes. Even when the coloring agent content is increased, by the SCF, the toner can maintain dispersibility of the coloring agent component in the binding resin component precipitated in the particle shapes, meanwhile coloring power is also maintained thereby. Therefore, the toner can promote miniaturization of an image forming apparatus using the toner.

Abstract: Rear electrode(s) 27 is or are arranged at location(s) at the back(s) of toner transport path(s) 21 opposite supply roller(s) 23, and rear electrode(s) 27 is or are moreover embedded in support(s) 28, toner-supplying voltage(s) from rear electrode power supply or supplies 44 being applied to rear electrode(s) 27, toner-supplying electric field(s) being formed in the vicinity or vicinities of supply roller(s) 23, toner-supplying voltage(s) from rear electrode power supply or supplies 44 being varied as appropriate, and intensity or intensities of toner-supplying electric field(s) being adjusted so as to permit increased stability in toner supply amount(s).

Abstract: The developing device X includes: toner T that contacts an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive drum D; a charging roller 4 for charging the toner through contact; and an ultraviolet irradiator 5 for charging the toner by shining ultraviolet light onto a sleeve 41 of the charging roller from a position on the back of the sleeve 41 via a roller 42. The sleeve of the charging roller contains material that changes its molecular structure under ultraviolet irradiation by the ultraviolet irradiator in such a manner to charge the toner. Deterioration of a charged member (toner) can be prevented, and so is fusion of the charged member with the charging means. Reliability in the developing process proves.

Abstract: The developing device X includes: toner T that contacts an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive drum D; a charging roller 4 for charging the toner through contact; and an ultraviolet irradiator 5 for charging the toner by shining ultraviolet light onto a sleeve 41 of the charging roller from a position on the back of the sleeve 41 via a roller 42. The sleeve of the charging roller contains material that changes its molecular structure under ultraviolet irradiation by the ultraviolet irradiator in such a manner to charge the toner. Deterioration of a charged member (toner) can be prevented, and so is fusion of the charged member with the charging means. Reliability in the developing process proves.

Abstract: According to a toner and a manufacturing method of the present invention, the toner, which is composed of a binding resin component precipitated in particle shapes with a coloring agent component dispersed in the binding resin component, is produced by dissolving the binding resin component in a supercritical fluid (a SCF), blending the coloring agent component in the SCF, and lowering solubility of the binding resin component for precipitating the binding resin component in the particle shapes. Even when the coloring agent content is increased, by the SCF, the toner can maintain dispersibility of the coloring agent component in the binding resin component precipitated in the particle shapes, meanwhile coloring power is also maintained thereby. Therefore, the toner can promote miniaturization of an image forming apparatus using the toner.