Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. Apart of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. Apart of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A part of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A part of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) has a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. In addition, the second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A transition region, in which the transparent conductive material and the metal material are mixed, exists between the first conductive film (110) and the second conductive film (130). The transparent conductive material includes, for example, a conductive polymer.

Abstract: An optical device (10) has a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. In addition, the second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A transition region, in which the transparent conductive material and the metal material are mixed, exists between the first conductive film (110) and the second conductive film (130). The transparent conductive material includes, for example, a conductive polymer.

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A part of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. The second conductive film (130), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a metal material. A dispersing agent, which is constituted by a material different from the transparent conductive material, exists at a portion of the first conductive film (110) which is located at the periphery of the second conductive film (130).

Abstract: A substrate (110) includes corners (112). An insulating layer (170) includes first openings (172). A light emitting element (102) overlaps the first opening (172), and includes an organic layer (130). At least one layer of the organic layer (130), for example, a hole injection layer, is a coated film, and other layers thereof are vapor-deposited films. Meanwhile, all the layers of the organic layer (130) may be coated films. At least one layer of the organic layer (130) which is a coated film is also located on the insulating layer (170), and includes a protruding region (132) protruding toward the corner (112) of the substrate (110).

Abstract: An optical device (10) includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a conductive material. The second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. Apart of the second conductive film (130) comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). A plurality of concave portions are provided in a contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which comes into contact with the first conductive film (110). The contact surface has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a non-contact surface of the second conductive film (130) which does not come into contact with the first conductive film (110).

Abstract: An optical device includes a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. The second conductive film (130), which constitutes the joining structure, is constituted by a metal material. A dispersing agent, which is constituted by a material different from the transparent conductive material, exists at a portion of the first conductive film (110) which is located at the periphery of the second conductive film (130).

Abstract: An optical device (10) has a joining structure in which a first conductive film (110) and a second conductive film (130) are joined to each other. The first conductive film (110) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a transparent conductive material and the like. In addition, the second conductive film (130) that constitutes the joining structure is constituted by a metal material. A transition region, in which the transparent conductive material and the metal material are mixed, exists between the first conductive film (110) and the second conductive film (130). The transparent conductive material includes, for example, a conductive polymer.

Abstract: An organic EL panel forming light-emitting elements on a substrate includes lower electrode lines stripe-formed on the substrate, upper electrode lines stripe-formed so as to cross the lower electrode lines, an organic EL element laminating an organic layer including a light-emitting layer between the lower electrode lines and the upper electrode lines in the crossing part of the lower electrode lines and the upper electrode lines, extracting terminals electrically connected to the respective upper electrode lines and formed outside the light-emitting element forming area, a common organic layer formed so as to cover at least the overall side edges of the lower electrode lines within the light-emitting element forming area, and a cathode separator stripe-formed on the common organic layer within the light-emitting element forming area so as to insulate-segment the upper electrode lines with the end part extending to the extracting terminals.

Abstract: The apparatus enables access authorization to be assigned solely to specific host devices. A control device comprises: an address registration unit, in which the host address of each host device has been registered for authorizing access, a command interpretation and execution unit which on receipt of a command from a host device via a host device interface outputs the host address of the host device based on the command, and an address verification unit for verifying the host address output from a command interpretation and execution unit against the host address registered in the address registration unit, as well as determining whether or not the particular host device has access authorization. The command interpretation and execution unit incorporates an authorization pending function, so that on receipt of a command from a host device, the command is interpreted and executed only after access is authorized by the address verification unit.

Abstract: In a disk array apparatus which includes disk units so as to have a redundancy and which carries out, in response to a data writing instruction or a data reading instruction from a host computer, a data writing operation or a data reading operation between the disk units and the host computer, detector/memory section (211) detects, as a faulty unit, one of the disk units in which an abnormality occurs on any one of the data writing operation and the data reading operation. A disconnection managing section (212a) temporarily disconnects the faulty unit as a temporarily disconnected unit to make the disk array apparatus operate in a temporary degenerate mode.

Abstract: The apparatus enables access authorization to be assigned solely to specific host devices. A control device comprises: an address registration unit, in which the host address of each host device has been registered for authorizing access, a command interpretation and execution unit which on receipt of a command from a host device via a host device interface outputs the host address of the host device based on the command, and an address verification unit for verifying the host address output from a command interpretation and execution unit against the host address registered in the address registration unit, as well as determining whether or not the particular host device has access authorization. The command interpretation and execution unit incorporates an authorization pending function, so that on receipt of a command from a host device, the command is interpreted and executed only after access is authorized by the address verification unit.

Abstract: An instruction prefetching device of a data processing system prefetches an instruction sequence, usually before decoding of a branch instruction being prefetched, by predicting a branch destination address which is preliminarily stored in a branch history table (46) and retrieved by an instruction address of the branch instruction. Preferably, a prediction evaluating circuit (66) evaluates the predicted destination address with attention directed to a result which is obtained by actually executing the branch instruction and indicates whether the branch instruction indicates "no go" or "go" to the branch. When the prediction is incorrect, the prefetch is suspended. Furthermore, the branch destination address is renewed to a new address obtained by decoding of the branch instruction. More preferably, a discriminator (73) discriminates whether or not the instruction being prefetched is really a branch instruction. If not, the predicted destination address is neglected.

Abstract: In a data processing system there are provided a main memory device for storing information, a plurality of buffer memory devices including a plurality of blocks for storing a copy of information stored in the main memory device, an arithmetic operation controller including at least one block corresponding to at least one of the blocks of the buffer memory devices for executing instructions including a branch instruction, a branch direction control memory device for storing branch direction information obtained by executing the branch instruction and a preceding controller. The preceding controller comprises a read out means for reading out from the buffer memory devices branch direction information together with a prefetched instruction predicting means for predicting whether a branching will be successful or not.

Abstract: A buffer memory system comprises a buffer memory and a fetch directory. Both are accessible by a concatenation of at least the least significant bit of logical or physical page field of a logical or a physical address signal and a selected number of bits lower than that least significant bit. Physical page fields stored in the fetch directory are used to control an access to a data block stored in the buffer memory even at a plurality of addresses accessible by logical and physical address signals for one and the same instruction for accessing the memory. The system may or may not comprise an inverse translation table for translating a physical address signal for accessing a main memory into the concatenation to be used in accessing the buffer memory and the control table.