Abstract: A heavy oil emulsion fuel composition which contains heavy oils, such as bitumen and asphalt, wherein the heavy oil emulsion fuel composition can be used as a substitute fuel for heavy fuel oils, and has an enhanced combustion efficiency to thereby reduce the content of soot, dust and nitrogen oxides after combustion, which comprises (a) 40 to 85% by weight of a heavy oil, (b) 10 to 40% by weight of water, (c) 0.1 to 5% by weight of a surfactant and (d) at least 0.1% by weight of at least one component selected from the group consisting of water-soluble compounds having in its molecule two or more hydroxyl groups, monohydric alcohols having 6 or more carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An oil-in-water type heavy oil emulsion fuel having a specific and broad particle size distribution which has a viscosity close to that of water, can be sufficiently atomized at a temperature of room temperature to 90.degree. C., is excellent in the handleability and fluidity, despite a very high heavy oil concentration, and has a very excellent stability such that neither precipitation nor increase in the viscosity occurs even after storage for a long period of time is prepared according to the present invention. Oil-in-water type heavy oil emulsion fuel according to the present invention can be used as a substitute fuel for heavy fuel oil without modification of the boilers. Further, the combustion efficiency of the heavy oil emulsion fuel according to the present invention is high and it is possible to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides after combustion.

Abstract: An additive to cement comprises a granular zinc salt of a copolymer of an olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride, prepared by reacting the powder of the copolymer with powder of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide in the presence of water.

Abstract: This invention provides a cement admixture comprising a copolymer of an olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms with an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride and a cement admixture comprising the copolymer and a water-reducing agent.The cement admixture of this invention can prevent the lowering of the fluidity, or slump loss of a hydraulic cement mix such as concrete, mortar, or paste with the lapse of time and provide improved applicability and workability.