Abstract: The surface of a photosensitive body is charged by a scorotron charger including a discharge electrode, a back plate having an aperture on the bottom face, and a grid. Air is passed along the back plate for ventilation. The back plate also has a vent aperture on the side face. The aperture rate of the aperture on the bottom face of the part corresponding to the vent aperture is set lower than that on the bottom face of the other part, in the axial direction of the charger.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image is formed on a rotary image carrier. A developing roller is separatably abutted on the image carrier to supply toner onto the image carrier to make the latent image visible as a toner image. An intermediate transfer member is adapted to temporarily hold the toner image. A first transferer presses the intermediate transfer member against the image carrier to define a primary transfer position therebetween, so that the toner image on the image carrier is transferred to the intermediate transfer member. A second transferer is separatably abutted on the intermediate transfer member to transfer the toner image on the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium.

Abstract: The surface of a photosensitive body is charged by a scorotron charger including a discharge electrode, a back plate having an aperture on the bottom face, and a grid. Air is passed along the back plate for ventilation. The back plate also has a vent aperture on the side face. The aperture rate of the aperture on the bottom face of the part corresponding to the vent aperture is set lower than that on the bottom face of the other part, in the axial direction of the charger.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a charger of a non-contact type opposed to a photosensitive body coated with a photosensitive layer by dipping for charging a surface of the photosensitive body and an interval between the surface of the photosensitive body and the charger is narrowed on a dip upper portion side of the photosensitive body and widened on a dip lower portion side thereof. When the charger is a scorotron charger having a discharge electrode and a grid, an interval between the grid and the surface of the photosensitive body is narrowed on the dip upper portion side of the photosensitive body and widened on the dip lower portion side.

Abstract: To provide an easy and simple mapping between objects representing different network systems A and B. In the configuration where data of an object, a system component, is available in another system, it is provided with an intermediate model 102 which is mutually accessible. The intermediate model has an intermediate object 103 corresponding to a component. Each system performs mapping to the intermediate object 103 an item of a corresponding component 106 of the system, and transmits data to an mapped item. In addition, the system accesses the intermediate object to obtain data corresponding to the item when component data of the other system is needed.

Abstract: A remote control unit according to the present invention includes a display unit for displaying a function item select picture where devices to be remotely controlled which are a plurality of function items such as “lighting”, “air conditioning”, “TV” and so on are arranged, a function item select switch for selecting any one of the devices to be remotely controlled, for example, “air conditioning” in said function item select picture, an affirmation button for deciding said selected device to be remotely controlled, for example, “air conditioning”, a denial button for canceling said selected function item, a control unit for allowing another function item select picture where a plurality of set functions which are a plurality of other function items such as “on/off”, “temp.

Abstract: This invention relates to a collagen metabolism ameliorant containing N-methyl-L-serine as an active ingredient, more particularly, a collagen metabolism ameliorant efficacious against collagen hypometabolism caused by aging or diseases accompanied with an abnormal cumulation of collagen, such as hepatic and pulmonary fibroses, keloid, hypertrophic scar, scleroderma, fibrosis in the scalp, or the like. Furthermore, the invention includes a hair growth stimulant containing this collagen metabolism ameliorant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a collagen metabolism ameliorant containing N-methyl-L-serine as an active ingredient, more particularly, a collagen metabolism ameliorant efficacious against collagen hypometabolism caused by aging or diseases accompanied with an abnormal cumulation of collagen, such as hepatic and pulmonary fibroses, keloid, hypertrophic scar, scleroderma, fibrosis in the scalp, or the like.

Abstract: A keloid treating agent comprising as an active ingredient ethanolamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is useful for the treatment of keloid such as true keloid, cicatrical keloid, hypertrophic scar, etc.