Abstract: An egg settlement inducing substrate for shellfish includes: an iron member containing metallic iron; and a carbon member constituting an egg settlement inducing portion, wherein the carbon member is provided on an outer periphery of the iron member so that the carbon member and the metallic iron in the iron member are at least partly in contact with each other. This egg settlement inducing substrate has high and stable seed collection efficiency, and also the time for installing the egg settlement inducing substrate does not depend on the time of spawning and emergence of larvae in the settlement period.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of refining aluminum, according to which oxygen gas is blown into a carbon material filled in a blast furnace to form simultaneously both combustion regions where combustion of the carbon material takes place and high-temperature reduction regions spaced apart from said combustion region, and an alumina-containing material and a flux are fed on the carbon material fill layer to form a melt of a mixture of the both, the formed melt being flowed down to the reduction regions to form a crude aluminum alloy, which is hydrogenated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a moulded object of alumina matter-containing raw material for aluminum smelting by a blast furnace method. The moulded object for aluminum smelting is formed by coating a moulded object comprising the alumina matter-containing raw material and a carbon material with carbon material coating layers on its surface.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of smelting aluminum by using a blast furnace. An oxygen gas is introduced into a carbon material packed in a reactor, to burn the same to form a plurality of raceways and a high-temperature reduction region among the raceways. A mixture containing an alumina-containing starting material and a carbon material is then supplied selectively into the high-temperature reduction region while substantially preventing the mixture from contacting the raceways, to reduce the alumina to aluminum.