Abstract: On a principal surface of a glass disk substrate, a texture comprising a combination of an isotropic texture for stabilizing a flight of a magnetic head flying and traveling over a magnetic disk and an anisotropic texture for imparting a magnetic anisotropy to a magnetic layer of the magnetic disk is formed.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium, surface roughness of a glass substrate and the variation of the surface roughness are suppressed to the predetermined range. Namely, the surface roughness (Rmax, Ra, Rq) and the relation (Rmax/Ra) between Rmax and Ra are restricted to the predetermined range. In this event, Ra is representative of a center-line mean roughness, Rmax is defined as a maximum height representative of a difference between a highest point and a lowest point and Rq is representative of a root mean square roughness. Thereby, crystal grains of an underlying layer and a magnetic layer formed thereon are equalized. Specifically, the surface roughness is specified by Rmax?15 nm, Ra?1 nm and Rq?1.5 nm. Further, the ratio between the surface roughness Rmax and the surface roughness Ra is specified by Rmax/Ra?30.

Abstract: On a principal surface of a glass disk substrate, a texture comprising a combination of an isotropic texture for stabilizing a flight of a magnetic head flying and traveling over a magnetic disk and an anisotropic texture for imparting a magnetic anisotropy to a magnetic layer of the magnetic disk is formed.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium, surface roughness of a glass substrate and the variation of the surface roughness are suppressed to the predetermined range. Namely, the surface roughness (Rmax, Ra, Rq) and the relation (Rmax/Ra) between Rmax and Ra are restricted to the predetermined range. In this event, Ra is representative of a center-line mean roughness, Rmax is defined as a maximum height representative of a difference between a highest point and a lowest point and Rq is representative of a root mean square roughness. Thereby, crystal grains of an underlying layer and a magnetic layer formed thereon are equalized. Specifically, the surface roughness is specified by Rmax≦15 nm, Ra≦1 nm and Rq≦1.5 nm.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium, surface roughness of a glass substrate and the variation of the surface roughness are suppressed to the predetermined range. Namely, the surface roughness (Rmax, Ra, Rq) and the relation (Rmax/Ra) between Rmax and Ra are restricted to the predetermined range. In this event, Ra is representative of a center-line mean roughness, Rmax is defined as a maximum height representative of a difference between a highest point and a lowest point and Rq is representative of a root mean square roughness. Thereby, crystal grains of an underlying layer and a magnetic layer formed thereon are equalized. Specifically, the surface roughness is specified by Rmax≦15 nm, Ra≦1 nm and Rq≦1.5 nm. Further, the ratio between the surface roughness Rmax and the surface roughness Ra is specified by Rmax/Ra≦30.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium, surface roughness of a glass substrate and the variation of the surface roughness are suppressed to the predetermined range. Namely, the surface roughness (Rmax, Ra, Rq) and the relation (Rmax/Ra) between Rmax and Ra are restricted to the predetermined range. In this event, Ra is representative of a center-line mean roughness, Rmax is defined as a maximum height representative of a difference between a highest point and a lowest point and Rq is representative of a root mean square roughness. Thereby, crystal grains of an underlying layer and a magnetic layer formed thereon are equalized. Specifically, the surface roughness is specified by Rmax≦15 nm, Ra≦1 nm and Rq≦1.5 nm. Further, the ratio between the surface roughness Rmax and the surface roughness Ra is specified by Rmax/Ra≦30.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium, surface roughness of a glass substrate and the variation of the surface roughness are suppressed. Namely, the surface roughness (Rmax, Ra, Rq) and the relation (Rmax/Ra) between Rmax and Ra are restricted. Ra is representative of a center-line mean roughness, Rmax is defined as a maximum height representative of a difference between a highest point and a lowest point and Rq is representative of a root mean square roughness. Thereby, crystal grains of an underlying layer and a magnetic layer formed thereon are equalized. The surface roughness is specified by Rmax≦15 nm, Ra≦1 nm and Rq≦1.5 nm and the ratio between the surface roughness Rmax and the surface roughness Ra is in the range of 10 to 30.

Abstract: A magnetic toner includes magnetic toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic iron oxide. The magnetic iron oxide contains 0.2 to 4.0% by weight of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd, Al, Sn and Mg, and 0.2 to 0.8% by weight of silicon element on the basis of an iron element; the ratio (B.sub.si /A.sub.Si).times.100 of the content B.sub.Si of the silicon element present in the magnetic iron oxide up to an iron element solubility of 20% by weight to the total content A.sub.Si of the silicon element present in the magnetic iron oxide is 45 to 85%; the ratio (C.sub.si /A.sub.Si).times.100 of the content C.sub.Si of the silicon element present in the magnetic iron oxide up to an iron element solubility of 10% by weight to the total content A.sub.Si is 35 to 70%; and the magnetic toner has a weight average particle diameter of 3.5 to 10.0 .mu.

Abstract: A toner for forming an image has toner particles containing at least a colorant, a binder resin and a wax. The toner has (i) a circularity distribution in which the toner has an average circularity of 0.900 to less than 0.965, contains 20 to 60% by number of particles with a circularity of less than 0.95 and has a mode circularity of 0.90 or more; and (ii) a particle size distribution in which the toner has a circle-equivalent average diameter of 2.0 to 10.0 .mu.m and has at least one peak of frequency by number in the region of a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.6 to 3.0 .mu.m and at least one peak of frequency by number in the region of a circle-equivalent diameter of from more than 3.0 .mu.m to 10.0 .mu.m. The wax has an endothermic main peak as measured by DSC of 60 to 120.degree. C. The binder resin contains THF soluble matter and 0 to 5.0% by weight of THF insoluble matter.

Abstract: A magnetic black toner for electrophotography, includes: (a) magnetic black toner particles containing a binder resin, a magnetic material in 30-200 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin, and a first solid wax, and (b) first inorganic fine powder. The first solid wax (ii) provides a DSC heat-absorption main peak in a range of 60.degree.-120.degree. C., and (iii) shows a molecular weight distribution factor Mw/Mn of 1.0-2.0. The binder resin (iv) has a THF (tetrahydrofuran)-insoluble content of at most 5 wt. %, and (v) contains a THF-soluble content showing a GPC molecular weight distribution including a content (M1) of 40-70% in molecular weights of below 5.times.10.sup.4, a content (M2.ltoreq.M1) of 20-45% in molecular weights of 5.times.10.sup.4 -5.times.10.sup.5, and a content (M3<M2) of 2-25% in molecular weights exceeding 5.times.10.sup.5. (vi) The magnetic black toner exhibits a tan .delta. of 0.5-3.0 in a range of 150.degree.-190.degree. C. and a tan .delta. at 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A contact-type nonmagnetic one-component developing method using a developing apparatus having at least a developer carrying member and a developer layer thickness control member provided so as to be adjacent to, or to be in contact under pressure with, said developer carrying member, which method comprises feeding a developer to said developer carrying member, forming a thin layer of the developer on a surface of the developer carrying member with the developer layer thickness control member with negatively charging the developer under friction, bringing the thin layer of the developer into contact with a photoconductive material holding an electrostatic latent image to develop the electrostatic latent image, and transferring the resultant developed image to an image receptor, said developer being a nonmagnetic one-component developer prepared by attaching fine particles of an additive to be positively charged to particles of a toner which is comprised mainly of a binder resin and a colorant and which is to

Abstract: In a screen printing machine, its printing-plate discharge unit is provided with: a pair of printing-plate discharge rollers which may approach to a peripheral surface of a plate cylinder and may also draw therefrom; and a waste-paper container for receiving a waste printing plate having been peeled from the peripheral surface of the plate cylinder. In the waste-paper container is provided a waste printing-plate compression plate which is vertically movable in the waste-paper container. The compression plate is moved up and down in the waste-paper container by means of an operation means which is provided in a position outside the waste-paper container. The compression plate compresses the waste printing plate in the waste-paper container when moved downward therein.

Abstract: A speed control method for printing press wherein a predetermined reference value of rotation speed of a plate cylinder is set in a controller, and when a rotation speed which differs from the reference value to exceed it is set in the controller, the plate cylinder is started to rotate at a speed lower than the reference value and the rotation speed of the plate cylinder is then increased stepwise at the rate of printing integer sheets of printing paper until it reaches the set rotation speed.

Abstract: In a built-in type radiation image recording and read-out apparatus, n number of stimulable phosphor sheets wherein n denotes a natural number of 3 or more are circulated and reused for image recording. Waiting zones or a stack zone for keeping waiting n-2 or more stimulable phosphor sheets exposed to a radiation are positioned between an image recording section and an image read-out section in the sheet advancing direction. Waiting zones or a stack zone for keeping waiting n-2 or more stimulable phosphor sheets subjected to image erasing are positioned between the image read-out section and the image recording section in the sheet advancing direction or between an erasing section and the image recording section.

Abstract: A stimulable phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image stored therein is scanned with stimulating rays, and the light emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet in proportion to the radiation energy stored therein is detected and converted into an electric signal. The electric signal is converted to a digital signal. On the basis of the digital signal, there are created digital data in an amount necessary for reproducing the radiation image for use in diagnosis, and digital data for storage obtained by reducing the amount of information to a fraction of the amount of the digital data for diagnosis. The two kinds of digital data are recorded in separate recording media.

Abstract: A composite material comprises a radiation image storage panel composed of a light-shielding substrate and a phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor and provided on the substrate, and a light-shielding sheet positioned on the surface on the phosphor layer side of the radiation image storage panel in a manner separable from the surface. The light-shielding sheet is made of a material interrupting stimulating rays which excite the stimulable phosphor, but permeable to a radiation passing through an object.

Abstract: A radiation image reproducing apparatus reads a radiation image out of a first recording medium to record it on a second recording medium in a visible form after necessary image processings. Data indicative of a direction of an exposure, either from the front or from the rear of an object, is supplied so that in the case of a rear exposure the radiation image is reproduced on the second recording medium with its lateral position inverted. Data associated with the image processings is recorded in a visible form on the second recording medium together with the radiation image.

Abstract: In a radiation image recording and reproducing system in which a radiation image is once recorded on a stimulable phosphor sheet and then read out and reproduced to a visible image, a phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image to be processed urgently is preferentially sent to an image read-out section to reproduce the image. A by-pass feeding line for by-passing a stacker installed on a sheet feeding line to store the phosphor sheets and send them one by one to the image read-out section is positioned on the sheet feeding line. A feeding line switching mechanism is positioned at the junction between the by-pass feeding line and a line connected to the stacker to make the sheet feeding line communicate with the by-pass feeding line in response to a preferential processing signal sent from a general controller. The sheet feeding line and the by-pass feeding line may be formed of belt conveyors, and the switching mechanism may comprise a movable plate.

Abstract: A method of taking an X-ray photograph by using a cassette containing an X-ray film and a stimulable phosphor sheet maintained in close contact with each other in a light shielding case. When the cassette is exposed to X-rays through an object, an X-ray transmission image of the object is recorded on the stimulable phosphor sheet and, at the same time, the X-ray film is exposed to light instantaneously emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet upon exposure to X-rays to record a photographic latent image of the X-ray transmission image of the object on the X-ray film. The X-ray film may be provided with an emulsion layer only on the side facing the stimulable phosphor sheet, or may be provided with emulsion layers on both sides. In the latter case, an intensifying screen may be positioned on the side of the X-ray film opposite to the stimulable phosphor sheet.

Abstract: In a computed tomographic method in which a tomographic image of an object is composed from many X-ray projection distribution images obtained by exposing a section of the object to X-rays in many different directions, the X-ray projection distribution images obtained by respective exposures to X-rays are once stored at positions different from one another on a stimulable phosphor sheet, the stimulable phosphor sheet is then scanned with a stimulating ray, and a tomographic image of the object is composed by use of electric signals obtained by photoelectrically reading out light emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet upon stimulation thereof. The stimulable phosphor sheet and an X-ray source are integrally rotated around the object, while the stimulable phosphor sheet is moved approximately at right angles to the plane formed by the rotation thereof.