Abstract: A light-emitting device which uses and LED having a light-emitting element being placed on a package substrate. The light-emitting element has a light-extracting surface. A fluorescent element which is formed by dispersing a fluorescent material in a transparent substance and is placed face to face with the light-extracting surface of the light emitting element and comprises a clearance gap in between. The light-emitting element generates light of a certain wavelength that emanates through the light-extracting surface into the fluorescent element where the wavelength is changed. The device further comprises an optical element which receives light from the light-emitting element through the fluorescent element and directs the light to the outside of the device.

Abstract: It is to manufacture uniform and high-quality structural bodies which face no quality changes due to mechanical process. There is provided a surface forming apparatus that comprises a surface forming device for performing surface forming process to a prescribed structural body, wherein the surface forming device is an irradiation device that irradiates, to the structural body, an energy beam with a prescribed irradiation energy, which can be irradiated in a specific direction.

Abstract: A magnesium halide salt of a 2-alkyl-2-adamantanol is reacted with a carboxylic acid halide such as acrylic chloride or the like in the presence of a tertiary amine to produce a 2-alkyl-2-adamantyl ester (the first invention). A 2-alkyl-2-adamantanol is reacted with a carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid or the like in the presence of an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid or the like and a drying agent composed of an acidic or neutral inorganic compound (e.g. magnesium sulfate) which is a solid at ordinary temperature in a dried state or of a water-absorbing high-molecular compound, to produce a 2-alkyl-2-admantyl ester (the second invention). The above ester is important as a raw material for a resist for semiconductor production.

Abstract: There is provided a method for obtaining a high-purity alkyladamantyl ester from an alkyladamantyl ester composition containing a large quantity of alkyladamantyl halide obtained by, for example, alkylating raw material 2-adamantanone obtained through oxidation of adamantane by use of an organic metal reagent and then causing an acid halide to react with the resulting product, efficiently by a simple process. To an alkyladamantyl ester composition containing an alkyladamantyl halide such as 2-chloro-2-methyladamantane in an amount of larger than 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of alkyladamantyl ester such as 2-methyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate, a mixed solution of, for example, methanol and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added. By bringing the alkali compound into contact with the alkyladamantyl halide in a homogeneous system so as to convert the halide into a compound which produces no acid when heated, the amount of the alkyladamantyl halide in the composition is reduced to 0.

Abstract: A display has a member irradiated by a surface light source device comprising a light diffusion member and emission device. The emission device is provided with a light flux control member having a recess and light control emission face which is configurated so as to satisfy Conditions 1 and 2 in a range at least covering a half-intensity-angular-range. Light emitting element(s) may be sealed. Condition 1 is that relation ?5/?1>1 is satisfied except for light emitted from a light emitting element toward within an angular-neighbourhood of a standard optical axis of the emission device, and Condition 2 is that value of ?5/?1 decreases gradually according to increasing of ?1, where ?1 is an emission angle of any light at being emitted from the light emitting element, and ?5 is an emission angle of that light of ?1 at then being emitted from the light control emission face of the light flux control member.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a process for producing a composite of an aluminum material and a synthetic resin molding that can be produced at a high efficiency and to provide a stable and fast composite that is large in a peel strength and a mechanical strength. The process for producing a composite according to the present invention is characterized in that an aluminum raw material is oxidized in an electrolytic bath of phosphoric acid or sodium hydride, thereby an anodic oxidation coating provided with innumerable pores 3 having a diameter of 25 nm or more made open in the surface thereof is formed thereon, and a synthetic resin mold 6 is coupled with the anodic oxidation coating 2 in such a condition that the part 6a thereof is intruded in the innumerable pores.

Abstract: The invention presents a mass flow controller capable of supplying always stably at desired flow rate in spite of pressure fluctuations at either upstream side or downstream side of the mass flow controller. The invention is a mass flow controller having a flow rate control valve and a flow rate sensor, more specifically comprising a pressure control valve disposed at the upstream side of the flow rate control valve, a pressure sensor disposed between this pressure control valve and the flow rate control valve, and a controller for controlling the pressure control valve by feeding back the output of this pressure sensor.

Abstract: A spirofluorenol such as 3?,9?-dimethoxy-5?-hydroxyspiro[(1H-cyclopent[d,e,f]phenanthrene)-1,7?-benzo [c] fluorene] is produced by protecting a hydroxyl group bonded to a particular fluorenone compound such as 3,9-dimethoxy-5-hydroxybenzo[c]fluorene-7-one with “a substituted silyl group in which the sum of carbon atoms of substituents bonded to a silicon atom is 5 to 12”, such as a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, then, reacting the fluorenone compound with a particular organometal compound such as 1-lithiophenanthrene so as to be transformed into a spiro form and, then, removing the protection therefrom. This method makes it possible to efficiently produce the spirofluorenol which is useful as a starting material for producing photochromic compounds.

Abstract: A light scanning unit of the present invention can reduce the degree of variation in the quantity of light on a photosensitive body by a scanning position and can reduce a difference in density of an image which occurs at image formation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds represented by Formula (1); wherein A, R, X, Y and n are as defined in the description, the salts thereof, and insecticide/acaricide compositions characterized by comprising one or more of said compounds and/or said salts as the active ingredients.

Abstract: An optical beam scanning device 21 includes a pre-deflection optical system 40 for adjusting a laser beam L emitted from a semiconductor laser element 41 so as to be focused as a line image longitudinally extending in a direction corresponding to a main scanning direction, a polygon mirror 50 for scanning a photosensitive drum 23 with the laser beam L, and an imaging optical system 60 for focusing the laser beam L scanned by the polygon mirror 50 on the photosensitive drum 23. The imaging optical system 60 includes one or a plurality of lenses, and is formed so as to satisfy Lc/Le?2.2, where a light passage distance through the inside of the lens when scanning the center of an image region is denoted as Lc and a light passage distance through the inside of the lens when scanning the end of the image region is denoted as Le. The imaging optical system 60 may include a plastic lens composed of one lens or a plastic lens along with a glass lens.

Abstract: The remaining battery capacity computation system has a remaining capacity computation apparatus, which is connected to an electrical equipment unit via a one line communication circuit. The connected electrical equipment unit transmits a detected current signal, that indicates current flowing in the battery, at a fixed transmission period to the remaining capacity computation apparatus via the communication circuit. The remaining capacity computation apparatus computes remaining battery capacity from the detected current, and outputs a signal, that indicates the computed remaining capacity, with prescribed timing to the communication circuit. The remaining capacity signal is transmitted to the connected electrical equipment unit and timed after completion of the output of one detected current signal and before commencement of the output of the next detected current signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for calculating remaining capacity of a battery is provided with a current detection section to detect current flow in the battery, a remaining capacity calculation section to integrate the current value detected by the current detection section and calculate remaining capacity, and a memory section to store discharge current within a specified current range. When current detected by the current detection section is within a specified range, the remaining capacity calculation section uses current values stored in the memory section, rather than values detected by the current detection section, as discharge current to calculate remaining capacity.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer (101) comprises a layered structure (15) formed by alternately stacking a plurality of internal electrodes (13) and a plurality of piezo-electric ceramics layers (103) in thickness direction, first electrodes (21, 23) formed on side surfaces of said layered structure (15) and connected to said internal electrodes (13), at least one pair of second electrodes (27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37) formed on the side surfaces in areas different from those of the first electrodes (21, 23) and having a same potential, and a circuit board for driving the piezoelectric transformer. The piezoelectric transformer (101) is mounted on the circuit board. Each of the at least one pair of the second electrodes (27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37) opposite to each other is electrically connected to the circuit board.

Abstract: An operating switch mechanism in an IC recorder having an operating switch button for slide operation includes an IC recorder main body and an operating unit. The operating unit is attached to the main body by fixing a frame member on the operating unit side with a screw hole of a groove portion. The operating unit includes an operating switch button, a slide plate which switches-on/off switches, and a click spring member which holds a rubber roller. The rubber roller is abutted against a projected portion, a cam surface and an inclined can surface of an inner cam surface portion arranged on the main body side, and the operating switch button is held at the click determining position. The operating switch mechanism is used for an electronic device with high maintenance performance.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a discharge current interruption FET which cuts off the discharge current, and a minimum voltage detecting portion which switches the discharge current interruption FET from ON to OFF state when the voltage of any battery becomes lower than a minimum voltage. The charge circuit includes a charge current switching portion which switches the charge current so as to charge the battery pack in a main charge mode when the output voltage is higher than a prescribed voltage, and in a preliminary charge mode with a small current when the output voltage is lower than the prescribed voltage. The charge current switching portion charges the battery pack in the preliminary charge mode in the state where the OFF signal of the discharge current interruption FET is provided, even in the state where the output voltage of the battery pack is higher than the prescribed voltage.

Abstract: The battery charging method detects the voltage of each series connected battery, discharges batteries with voltage exceeding a prescribed voltage, and charges a plurality of batteries while maintaining cell balance. This charging method detects the voltage of each battery being charged and if any battery voltage exceeds the prescribed voltage, only the battery that exceeds the prescribed voltage is discharged, after a specified charging time, until its voltage drops to the prescribed voltage. Batteries that do not exceed the prescribed voltage are not discharged, and thereby all batteries are charged while balancing their voltages.

Abstract: A light scanning unit of the present invention can reduce the degree of variation in the quantity of light on a photosensitive body by a scanning position and can reduce a difference in density of an image which occurs at image formation.

Abstract: An optical beam scanning device comprises optical beam scanning means for rotational polygonal mirror to deflect entering luminous flux and scan an object to be scanned with the luminous flux; pre-deflection optical system which shapes a luminous flux emitted from light source means to image the resultant luminous flux onto the optical beam scanning means; and imaging optical system which images the luminous flux from the optical beam scanning means onto the object to be scanned.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for preparing a dihalogenated adamantane by reacting an adamantane optionally substituted with alkyl at 1-position with a halosulfonic acid, comprising the first stage of monohalogenation conducted at ?5 to 15° C. and then the second stage of dihalogenation conducted at 17 to 35° C., preferably in the absence of an organic solvent.