Abstract: The object is to facilitate determination of a flow rate of fluid discharged from a discharge opening. Intensity of a supersonic wave generated at and propagated from a discharge opening in association with discharge of the fluid from the discharge opening is determined at a determinate site distant from the discharge opening. And, a propagation distance from the discharge opening to the determination site is determined or investigated. Then, based upon a correlation existent among the intensity of the propagated supersonic wave, the propagation distance and the fluid discharge flow rate from the discharge opening, the fluid discharge rate is obtained from the determined or investigated supersonic wave intensity and the propagation distance.

Abstract: The object is to facilitate determination of a flow rate of fluid discharged from a discharge opening. Intensity of a supersonic wave generated at and propagated from a discharge opening in association with discharge of the fluid from the discharge opening is determined at a determinate site distant from the discharge opening. And, a propagation distance from the discharge opening to the determination site is determined or investigated. Then, based upon a correlation existent among the intensity of the propagated supersonic wave, the propagation distance and the fluid discharge flow rate from the discharge opening, the fluid discharge rate is obtained from the determined or investigated supersonic wave intensity and the propagation distance.

Abstract: A chemical treatment apparatus of this invention is an apparatus by which a chromium film formed on a material to be subjected to film formation is etched into a predetermined pattern. This apparatus includes a cathode electrolysis reduction device for performing an electrolysis reduction treatment for the chromium film as a cathode by using a treatment solution containing chloride ions, and an acid dip device for dipping the chromium film into an acidic treatment solution after the electrolysis reduction treatment is performed by the cathode electrolysis reduction device.

Abstract: A heat treating device used in chemical and food industries, including a heat exchanger of jacket type, for example, which surrounds a reaction vessel, wherein heat media such as steam and water are fed to the heat exchanger and also sucked by sucking means such as an ejector to put the interior of the heat exchanger in a reduced pressure state, thereby effecting heat treatment at relatively low temperature below 100.degree. C., for example, the improvement of which is to prevent variation of the reduced pressure level in the heat exchanger for keeping stability of treating temperature.

Abstract: A steam trap operation detector provided with a vibration detecting section and a arithmetric section. The detecting section includes a probe, a diaphragm for generating ultrasonic vibration in response to mechanical vibrations sensed by the probe and a vibration sensor for converting the ultrasonic vibration into an electrical signal. The detector also includes an arthimetric section for receiving an amplified signal from the vibration sensor and processing the same into information indicative of the operation of the steam trap.

Abstract: An instrument to measure leakage of steam which determines the operation status of a steam trap, e.g., if the steam is leaking or not, and measures the leakage rate of the steam and is devised to prevent rippling on the water surface at the primary side of a bulkhead in the instrument installed between the steam supply side and the steam trap so as to measure the quantity of steam leakage from the water level at the primary side of the bulkhead and the gas quantity passing through a passage formed in the bulkhead.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the operation of steam traps, wherein data representing the operation of the steam traps are transmitted to a host computer for storing the data, the host computer operating to record and display a summation of leakage in a plurality of steam traps as well as the totalization and analysis of leakage in terms of monetary cost or a rejection rate and changes in the steam traps with time in order to predict time required for repair or replacement of the steam traps.

Abstract: A steam leakage measuring device particularly for use in a steam trap having a detector member which includes a vibration sensor and a temperature sensor which are connected separately to a signal processing or arithmetic unit receiving and processing the temperature and vibration signals from the detector member. The temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is converted into a saturated pressure measurement and a true steam leakage measurement is developed in the signal processing unit based upon a predetermined relationship between the sensed vibration level and a leakage measurement for a particular developed pressure level.