Abstract: A base station is provided to suppress a drop of receiving power and deterioration of receiving characteristics by cancellation between the same symbols in the case of application of a repetition technology to multiple-carrier communication. In this base station (100), a repetition unit (103) for reproducing (making repetition of) each data symbol input from a modulating unit (102) to make out a plurality of identical data symbols, and a phase rotating unit (106) for giving a phase rotation to a data symbol input from a multiplexing unit (105). This time the phase rotating unit (106) provides the identical symbols made out by the repetition with the phase rotation which has a phase rotating difference different from phase rotating differences among a plurality of identical symbols transmitted with the ones identical to a plurality of the identical symbols at time and a frequency identical to those of a plurality of the identical symbols in adjacent cells or adjacent sectors.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus capable of suppressing the reduction in the error correction ability in the wireless communication apparatus at the receiving end even when the propagation path environment is bad and hence the reception quality of received signals is low.

Abstract: A radio transmitter and a pilot signal inserting method are provided for improving throughput. In the radio transmitter, an MCS deciding part (106) selects one of a plurality of modulating systems. An information generating part (108) decides an inserting position of a pilot signal corresponding to the selected modulating system. A modulating part (116) modulates a data signal by the selected modulating system. A signal arranging part (118) inserts the pilot signal into the modulated data signal and changes the inserting position of the pilot signal corresponding to the selected modulating system. A transmission RF part (124) transmits the data signal wherein the pilot signal is inserted.

Abstract: A wireless transmission device enabled to improve an error rate performance at a receiver, by acquiring at least one of frequency diversity effect and a time diversity effect while keeping the interference resistance which is acquired by diffusion. In this transmission device, a modulation unit (101) modulates data to create a modulation symbol having in-phase components and quadrature components. An IQ individual spreading unit (102) arranges the diffusion chips, which are obtained by spreading the modulation symbol, of the in-phase components and the quadrature components, in areas extending in diffusion domains set individually for the in-phase components and the quadrature components. An IQ combining unit (103) combines the arranged spreading chips of the in-phase components and the quadrature components.

Abstract: An OFDM transmitting apparatus capable of preventing any degradation of the throughput of the communication system without assigning any resources of the communication system for transmission of a control channel. In the apparatus, a switch (121) selectively supplies, based on the encoded data of the control channel outputted from an encoding part (110), a plurality of outputs from a repetition part (103) to pattern generating parts (122-1 to 122-2). In this way, a plurality of types of repetition patterns can be used to generate outbound data. An assigning part (123) maps the outbound data generated by one of the pattern generating parts to a subcarrier.

Abstract: A wireless communication method of repetition system and the like for ensuring that when the same data symbols are combined, a diversity gain is achieved. In a step (ST 420), a data symbol placing part (105) decides destination places of respective replicated data symbols (S1-S4) such that the same data symbols are not placed at destination place numbers (7,8) of data symbols that exhibit poor channel estimation precisions. In a step (ST 430), the data symbol placing part (105) places, in accordance with the decision in the foregoing step (ST 420), the four data symbols (S1-S4), which are received from a repetition part (102), in one frame received from a channel estimation error predicting part (104).

Abstract: A radio transmission apparatus capable of enhancing the diversity effect. In this apparatus, phase rotation section (102) performs phase rotation processing of 40.6°=26.6°+14.0°, interleavers (106,111) perform two-time interleaving processing before IQ combining processing performed in a combining section (107) and after IQ separation processing performed in an IQ separating section (108), and the original modulation symbol obtained in a mapping section (101) is thereby dispersed and mapped to/at signal points of M-ary modulation level higher two ranks or more (for example, from a QPSK symbol to 256QAM symbols).

Abstract: A transmission apparatus capable of improving overall throughput of a system by suppressing peaks using some frequencies in a communication band. In this apparatus, modulation section (102) adaptively modulates transmission data. Combination section (103) combines the waveform of the transmission data and the waveform of an inverse replica and suppresses peaks equal to or higher than a threshold. When there are peaks equal to or higher than a threshold, inverse replica generation section (112) extracts the waveform of a peak equal to or higher than the threshold and generates an inverse replica which is the waveform having the inverse characteristic of the extracted waveform. Where MCS is set for each subcarrier, sub-band selection section (114) selects the frequency of a subcarrier having large margin in reception quality and outputs the inverse replica within the range of the selected frequency to combination section (103).

Abstract: A transmission apparatus capable of improving overall throughput of a system by suppressing peaks using some frequencies in a communication band. In this apparatus, modulation section (102) adaptively modulates transmission data. Combination section (103) combines the waveform of the transmission data and an inverse replica and suppresses peaks equal to or higher than a threshold. When there are peaks equal to or higher than a threshold, inverse replica generation section (112) extracts the waveform of a peak equal to or higher than the threshold and generates an inverse replica which is the waveform having the inverse characteristic of the extracted waveform. Sub-band selection section (114) selects frequencies of subcarriers for which MCS having low transmission efficiency is selected and outputs the inverse replica within the range of the selected frequency to combination section (103).

Abstract: Multicarrier transmission apparatus 100 receives channel quality information of subcarriers from multicarrier reception apparatus 200 and interleave pattern setting section 108 sets an interleave pattern according to channel quality of subcarriers. Interleaver 106 interleaves I components and/or Q components of symbols using the set interleave pattern. As a result, it is possible to optimize diversity gains in modulation diversity modulation/demodulation according to channel quality.

Abstract: An interference power calculation section 208 calculates an interference power value of each symbol according to a calculation expression (interference power=average power of parts unaffected by interference+average power of parts affected by interference) and notifies a turbo decoding section 209 of the calculated interference power value. The turbo decoding section 209 calculates ?2 used to calculate an LLR of turbo decoding according to a calculation expression (?2=thermal noise+interference power) based on the interference power value notified from the interference power calculation section 208 and thereby changes ?2 based on the interference power value for each symbol notified from the interference power calculation section 208.

Abstract: An interference symbol determining section 208 compares reception power of a signal at an interference position measured by an interference position reception power measuring section 208B with a reception power value of a desired signal measured by a desired signal measuring section 208D for each subcarrier, thereby determines symbols which should be actually treated as interference symbols and outputs the symbols to a turbo decoding section 209. The turbo decoding section 209 determines whether to calculate LLR values of symbols of each subcarrier signal input from a demodulation section 207 or set the LLR values to “0” based on the comparison result of the interference symbol determining section 208 and executes decoding processing.

Abstract: A pilot extract section 14 extracts a pilot signal from received signal. An adder 21 in-phase adds a plurality of correlated values of pilot signals for respective subcarriers. Delay devices 201-1 to 201-6 temporarily maintain one in-phase added value. Multiplier 202-1 to 202-6 multiplies a predetermined coefficient to the in-phase added value that is output from the delay device. The predetermined coefficient reflects the result, which is obtained by correcting for multiple times the difference of channel variation in the different subcarriers that is generated when noise power per one subcarrier is calculated. Each of the multiplying results is added by an adder 24, and is squared by a square device 25. A cumulative adder 26 cumulative-adds the squared values for the whole subcarrier. A multiplier 203 averages by multiplying predetermined values to the cumulative-added values.

Abstract: A power apparatus in which a particle in an enclosure of the apparatus containing an electric conductor therein is moved in the enclosure by an electric field so as to cause an abnormality of insulation. The apparatus includes a first sensor for detecting an existence position of the particle on the basis of a sound of collision of the particle against the enclosure, a second sensor for detecting a partial discharge generated in the enclosure, and a device for receiving respective detection signals from the first and second sensors, for judging the existence of insulation abnormality caused by the particle inside the enclosure, and for outputting a result of the judgment.

Abstract: A resistor composition for use in producing a resistor used in a spark plug comprising(1) 100 parts by weight of(a) a glass; and(b) an inorganic filler;with the glass (a) being present in a proportion of about 30 to about 70% by weight and the inorganic filler (b) being present in a proportion of about 70% to about 30% by weight;and wherein at least about 0.1% by weight of the inorganic filler (b) is replaced by at least one non-oxide compound;(2) about 0.5 to about 7 parts by weight of carbon; and(3) 0 to about 20 parts by weight of at least one of a metal oxide, a transition metal carbide, SiC having a low electrical resistivity and B.sub.4 C.

Abstract: A glassy resistor composition for use in a resistor incorporated spark plug is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of a mixture of 1-40% by weight of at least one of semiconductible oxides of metals selected from groups IVa and Va of the Periodic Table and a group of rare earth metals, 35-85% by weight of a glass powder and 5-35% by weight of a metal powder after a calcination, drying the resulting mixture, calcining the dried mixture and granulating the resulting mixture to form a base component, and compounding 100 parts by weight of the formed base component with 0.1-30 parts by weight of at least one of powdery carbides serving as reducing agents for the oxides and 0.1-20 parts by weight of inorganic or organic binder.