Abstract: A processor derives a plurality of unit density values which are each an average value of sensed densities for each of a plurality of unit areas sectioned for each unit length in a test toner image. The processor derives a weighted average of the plurality of unit density values to derive a test image density used for adjusting a control parameter in a printing portion. The unit length is a greatest common factor of two target lengths corresponding to perimeters of two types of target rotating members out of the plurality of rotating members. When a number of the plurality of unit areas is represented by n, n is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from an added value of a first constant and a second constant. The first constant and the second constant are values obtained by respectively dividing the two target lengths by the unit length.

Abstract: A toner concentration sensing apparatus includes a first acquisition processing portion, a second acquisition processing portion, and a third acquisition processing portion. The first acquisition processing portion acquires a first sensing value corresponding to light reflected by a first region of an image-carrying member where a toner image is not formed. The second acquisition processing portion acquires a second sensing value corresponding to light reflected by a second region of the image-carrying member where a toner image has been formed. The third acquisition processing portion acquires a component ratio of a component in the second sensing value, that corresponds to light reflected by toner adhered onto a surface of the image-carrying member, using a specific calculation formula determined based on a first relational expression based on the first sensing value and a second relational expression not based on the first sensing value, and the second sensing value.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel industrial process for preparation of an anhydride of 2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-hydroxy compound.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel industrial process for preparation of an anhydride of 2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-hydroxy compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reclaiming a cathodic active material of lithium ion secondary batteries. The lithium ion secondary battery is broken and the casing and the content are separated to remove the casing from the content. The content is dissolved into a mineral acid to separate remaining non-dissolved content from the mineral acid to obtain a liquid containing the cathodic active material represented by the formula: LiMO2, where M is a transition metal element: cobalt, nickel and manganese. A lithium salt is added to the liquid, and the cathodic active material is recovered from the liquid in the form of a mixture of lithium compound and the transition metal compound, which is calcined and reclaimed into the cathodic active material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of recovering lithium from a battery containing lithium such as a lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium-containing member of the battery is dissolved with an acidic liquid, and an alkaline material is added to the obtained lithium solution to transform a transition metal which may be dissolved in the lithium solution into a metal hydroxide precipitation, whereby the metal hydroxide precipitate is separated from the lithium solution. The lithium solution is then dried to obtain a solid containing the lithium, and the lithium is eluted from the solid with a non-aqueous solvent. Retrieving lithium from the lithium eluate is accomplished by use of a cation exchanger.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for etching a silicon material in order to prepare a sample for measuring the impurities which are contained in the silicon material. The silicon material is etched by contacting the silicon material with an etching gas containing a fluorine compound which is selected from the group consisting of xenon fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, oxygen fluoride and halogen fluoride, to produce a product by reaction of the silicon material with the etching gas. The product is heated to evaporate and remove the product from an impurity which is contained in the silicon material and not reactive to the etching gas.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is disclosed a thermal conductivity substrate which includes an aluminum nitride sintered body and a coating layer formed on the body of aluminum phosphate and having a surface roughness of 1 .mu.m or less, and which has excellent humidity resistance and chemical resistance.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an aluminum nitride sintered body having a high thermal conductivity and essentially consisting of a AlN single-phase, containing 0.01 to 8,000 ppm of rare earth elements and less than 2,000 ppm of oxygen. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of fabricating an aluminum nitride sintered body having a high thermal conductivity and essentially consisting of AlN single-phase, containing 0.01 to 8,000 ppm of rare earth elements and less than 2,000 ppm of oxygen, wherein a molded body prepared by mixing and molding an aluminum nitride power having less than 7 wt % of oxygen and an average particle size of 0.05 to 5 .mu.m and with rare earth compounds of 0.01 to 15 wt % of based on rare earth elements content, or a sintered AlN body containing oxide grain boundary phases of 0.01 to 15 wt % of rare earth elements and 0.

Abstract: High-purity molybdenum or tungsten powder can be produced by a process comprising (a) decomposing a powder or an oxide powder of molybdenum or tungsten with hydrogen peroxide water; (b) bringing the resulting aqueous solution of molybdenum or tungsten into contact with a cation exchange resin; (c) concentrating the aqueous solution; and (d) reducing a concentrated solid material. By omitting reducing step (d), one can obtain high-purity molybdenum or tungsten oxide powders. Because the Mo and W powders and MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.3 powders prepared by this invention are of an extremely high purity, they are useful as materials for targets of VLSI elements.

Abstract: A radioactive waste is solidified by adding a nonionic high molecular flocculant to a slurry containing radioactivated crud to precipitate the crud, concentrate the thus treated slurry and then separating the crud from the slurry, drying said crud, mixing the dried crud with a frit of a low melting point and filling a steel can with the resulting mixture, heating the steel can to sinter and solidify the above described mixture, and sealing a surface of the solidified body in the steel can with a sealing material.

Abstract: A metal oxide varistor is disclosed which a component of grain bodies comprised of zinc oxide and a component of grain boundary layers comprised of another metallic oxide, containing metal other than zinc wherein at least a portion of these starting materials comprised a fine particle powder prepared by a co-precipitatin method.The metal oxide varistor of the present invention is excellent in varistor characteristics such as non-linearity to voltage, life performances and capability of energy dissipation, is small in a scatter of the above characteristics between manufacture lots or within each lot at the time of manufacture, and has a good quality stability. Unexpected results are obtained when the co-precipitated fine particles are subjected to a refrigeration-dehydration type process.

Abstract: A system for treating radioactive waste employing a rotary mechanism which contains in its rotational path of travel a number of stages for the treatment, i.e., a stage of condensing a slurry of radioactive waste, a stage for drying the condensed waste and a stage for storing dried waste temporarily for feeding to a melting furnace. The rotary mechanism employs a number of containers for transferring the radioactive waste to and from the respective stages along the rotational path of travel.

Abstract: Barium-ferrite series powders are prepared from an alkaline aqueous solution containing a prescribed ratio of ions of the metals equal to those contained in the powder. In the first stage, the alkaline aqueous solution is heated at a constant volume at 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. to precipitate a precursor of the barium-ferrite series powder. Then, the precursor is baked at 700.degree. to 1,000.degree. C. to crystallize the precursor.