Abstract: A surface modifying apparatus is configured to modify a bonding surface of a substrate to be bonded to another substrate by plasma of a processing gas. The surface modifying apparatus includes a processing vessel; a measuring unit; and a controller. The processing vessel is configured to accommodate the substrate therein. The measuring unit is configured to measure a value indicating an amount of moisture in the processing vessel. The controller is configured to determine whether or not bonding strength between the substrate and the another substrate, when it is assumed that the substrate modified in the processing vessel is bonded to the another substrate, is good based on the value indicating the amount of moisture in the processing vessel measured by the measuring unit.

Abstract: A surface modifying method of modifying a bonding surface of a substrate to be bonded to another substrate by plasma of a processing gas includes an adjusting process and a modifying process. In the adjusting process, an amount of moisture in a processing vessel is adjusted by supplying a humidified gas into the processing vessel allowed to accommodate the substrate therein. In the modifying process, the bonding surface of the substrate is modified by forming the plasma of the processing gas in the processing vessel in a state that the amount of moisture in the processing vessel is adjusted.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder that maintains low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance while having excellent grindability, image strength, heat-resistant storage stability, electrostatic charge stability, gloss-imparting properties, and durability. The toner binder of the present invention contains an amorphous resin (A) and a crystalline vinyl resin (B), wherein a weight ratio [(A)/(B)] of the amorphous resin (A) to the crystalline vinyl resin (B) is 81/19 to 97/3, the toner binder has an endothermic peak top temperature (Tm) derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 40° C. to 100° C. and a half-width of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 6° C. or less, the crystalline vinyl resin (B) has an acid value of 60 mg KOH/g or less, and the toner binder satisfies the following relation (1): 3° C.?Tfb(A)?Tfb(C)?30° C.

Abstract: A first transfer device and a second transfer device are configured to transfer a first substrate and a second substrate in a normal pressure atmosphere. A third transfer device is configured to transfer the first substrate and the second substrate in a decompressed atmosphere. A load lock chamber has accommodation sections allowed to accommodate therein the first substrate and the second substrate, and is allowed to switch an inside of the accommodation sections between the normal pressure atmosphere and the decompressed atmosphere. Multiple gates are respectively disposed on three different sides of the load lock chamber, and allowed to open or close the load lock chamber. The first transfer device, the second transfer device, and the third transfer device carry the first substrate and the second substrate into/out of the load lock chamber through different gates among the multiple gates.

Abstract: A separating method includes holding a combined substrate and separating a first substrate. In the holding of the combined substrate, the combined substrate in which the first substrate and a second substrate are bonded is held. In the separating of the first substrate, the first substrate is separated from the combined substrate, starting from a side surface of the combined substrate. The separating of the first substrate includes brining a fluid containing water into contact with the side surface.

Abstract: A bonding system includes a surface modifying apparatus and a bonding apparatus. The surface modifying apparatus is configured to modify a bonding surface of a substrate to be bonded to another substrate with plasma of a processing gas. The bonding apparatus is configured to bond two substrates modified by the surface modifying apparatus by an intermolecular force. The surface modifying apparatus includes: a processing chamber configured to accommodate therein the substrate; a processing gas supply configured to supply a processing gas containing moisture into the processing chamber; and a plasma forming unit configured to form the plasma of the processing gas containing the moisture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner binder containing: a polyester resin (A); and a vinyl resin (B), wherein the polyester resin (A) has an acid value of 2 mg KOH/g or more, the vinyl resin (B) has a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 40,000, the vinyl resin (B) is a polymer essentially containing a monomer (m) whose homopolymer has an SP value of 11.5 to 16.5 as a constituent monomer, the weight percentage of the monomer (m) in monomers constituting the vinyl resin (B) is 1 wt % or more based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the vinyl resin (B), the polyester resin (A) and the vinyl resin (B) are present at a weight ratio (A)/(B) of 80/20 to 99.5/0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner binder containing: a polyester resin (A); and a vinyl resin (B), wherein the polyester resin (A) is a resin obtained by crosslinking a polyester (A1) by one or more carbon-carbon bonds, the vinyl resin (B) is a polymer containing a monomer (a) as an essential constituent monomer, the monomer (a) is a C21-C40 (meth)acrylate having an acyclic hydrocarbon group, and the weight proportion of the monomer (a) in monomers constituting the vinyl resin (B) is 15 to 99% by weight based on the weight of the vinyl resin (B).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder that maintains low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance while having excellent grindability, image strength, heat-resistant storage stability, electrostatic charge stability, gloss-imparting properties, and durability. The toner binder of the present invention contains an amorphous resin (A) and a crystalline vinyl resin (B), wherein a weight ratio [(A)/(B)] of the amorphous resin (A) to the crystalline vinyl resin (B) is 81/19 to 97/3, the toner binder has an endothermic peak top temperature (Tm) derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 40° C. to 100° C. and a half-width of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline vinyl resin (B) of 6° C. or less, the crystalline vinyl resin (B) has an acid value of 60 mg KOH/g or less, and the toner binder satisfies the following relation (1): 3° C.?Tfb(A)?Tfb(C)?30° C.

Abstract: One object is to efficiently identify number of transactions that can be performed by using an inventory amount of money inside a change machine and to improve the business efficiency. A POS register (290) transmits a total amount request to a change machine (200) connected thereto (Step S11). Upon receiving the total amount request from the POS register (290), a change machine (200) transmits to the POS register (290) a total amount of money that can be dispensed as change and that is calculated based on an inventory amount of one or more predetermined denominations (Step S12). The POS register (290) receives the total amount from the change machine (200) (Step S13) and calculates number of transactions for which the change can be dispensed by calculating how many times is the total amount of the maximum change amount (JPY9, 999) for one transaction (Step S14). The POS register (290) informs the salesclerk of the calculated number of transactions by displaying and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner binder containing: a polyester resin (A); and a vinyl resin (B), wherein the polyester resin (A) has an acid value of 2 mg KOH/g or more, the vinyl resin (B) has a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 40,000, the vinyl resin (B) is a polymer essentially containing a monomer (m) whose homopolymer has an SP value of 11.5 to 16.5 as a constituent monomer, the weight percentage of the monomer (m) in monomers constituting the vinyl resin (B) is 1 wt % or more based on the total weight of the monomers constituting the vinyl resin (B), the polyester resin (A) and the vinyl resin (B) are present at a weight ratio (A)/(B) of 80/20 to 99.5/0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner binder containing: a polyester resin (A); and a vinyl resin (B), wherein the polyester resin (A) is a resin obtained by crosslinking a polyester (A1) by one or more carbon-carbon bonds, the vinyl resin (B) is a polymer containing a monomer (a) as an essential constituent monomer, the monomer (a) is a C21-C40 (meth)acrylate having an acyclic hydrocarbon group, and the weight proportion of the monomer (a) in monomers constituting the vinyl resin (B) is 15 to 99% by weight based on the weight of the vinyl resin (B).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder and a toner that maintains offset resistance while having high gloss and that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, grindability, image strength, and heat-resistant storage stability. The toner binder of the present invention is a toner binder containing a non-linear polyester modified resin (A), wherein the non-linear polyester modified resin (A) is a modified resin having one or more carbon-carbon bonds crosslinking polyesters, and the toner binder has a loss tangent tan ? of 2 to 20 in the entire temperature range of 110° C. to 130° C.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner binder and a toner that maintains offset resistance while having high gloss and that is excellent in low-temperature fixability, grindability, image strength, and heat-resistant storage stability. The toner binder of the present invention is a toner binder containing a non-linear polyester modified resin (A), wherein the non-linear polyester modified resin (A) is a modified resin having one or more carbon-carbon bonds crosslinking polyesters, and the toner binder has a loss tangent tan ? of 2 to 20 in the entire temperature range of 110° C. to 130° C.

Abstract: A bonding system includes a substrate transfer device configured to transfer a first substrate and a second substrate in a normal pressure atmosphere, a surface modifying apparatus configured to modify surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate to be bonded with each other in a depressurized atmosphere, a load lock chamber in which the first substrate and the second substrate are delivered between the substrate transfer device and the surface modifying apparatus and in which an internal atmosphere of the load lock chamber is switchable between an atmospheric pressure atmosphere and the depressurized atmosphere, a surface hydrophilizing apparatus configured to hydrophilize the modified surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, and a bonding apparatus configured to bond the hydrophilized surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate by an intermolecular force.

Abstract: Provided is a toner binder which attains all of low-temperature fixing properties, gloss, and hot offset resistance and gives a toner that satisfies the flowability, high-temperature storability, charge stability, pulverizability, image strength, flex cracking resistance, and document anti-offset properties. The present invention is a toner binder which comprises a polyester resins and has a surfactant content of 100 ppm or less and in which the THF-insoluble components and the THF-soluble components respectively have a storage modulus (Pa) at 150° C., G?x150, and the storage modulus (Pa) at 150° C., G?y150, which satisfy the following relationships (1) and (2).

Abstract: One object is to efficiently identify number of transactions that can be performed by using an inventory amount of money inside a change machine and to improve the business efficiency. A POS register (290) transmits a total amount request to a change machine (200) connected thereto (Step S11). Upon receiving the total amount request from the POS register (290), a change machine (200) transmits to the POS register (290) a total amount of money that can be dispensed as change and that is calculated based on an inventory amount of one or more predetermined denominations (Step S12). The POS register (290) receives the total amount from the change machine (200) (Step S13) and calculates number of transactions for which the change can be dispensed by calculating how many times is the total amount of the maximum change amount (JPY9, 999) for one transaction (Step S14). The POS register (290) informs the salesclerk of the calculated number of transactions by displaying and the like.

Abstract: A separation apparatus for separating a superposed substrate in which a processing target substrate and a supporting substrate are joined together with an adhesive, into the processing target substrate and the supporting substrate, includes: a first holding unit which holds the processing target substrate; a second holding unit which holds the supporting substrate; a moving mechanism which relatively moves the first holding unit or the second holding unit in a horizontal direction; a load measurement unit which measures a load acting on the processing target substrate and the supporting substrate when the processing target substrate and the supporting substrate are separated; and a control unit which controls the moving mechanism based on the load measured by the load measurement unit.

Abstract: A method includes: a first step of disposing the superposed substrate at a position where the superposed substrate is not in contact with a first holding unit and a second holding unit in a space between the first holding unit and the second holding unit, and supplying an inert gas into the space; a second step of thereafter relatively moving the first holding unit and the second holding unit in the vertical direction, and holding the processing target substrate by the first holding unit and holding the supporting substrate by the second holding unit; and a third step of thereafter relatively moving the first holding unit and the second holding unit in the horizontal direction while heating the processing target substrate held by the first holding unit and the supporting substrate held by the second holding unit, to separate the processing target substrate and the supporting substrate from each other.

Abstract: A peeling device for peeling off a substrate to be processed and a support substrate from an overlapped substrate, the overlapped substrate being formed by bonding the substrate to be processed and the support substrate by an adhesive, which includes: a first holding unit configured to heat the substrate to be processed and configured to hold the substrate to be processed; a second holding unit configured to heat the support substrate and configured to hold the support substrate; a moving mechanism configured to horizontally move at least one of the first holding unit and the second holding unit relative to each other; and an inert gas supply mechanism configured to supply an inert gas onto a bonding surface of the substrate to be processed or a bonding surface of the support substrate.