Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a banana-derived composition by which a composition exhibiting excellent biological activity is obtained from a flesh part of a banana. The method includes the steps of (1) mincing a flesh part of a banana to obtain flesh fractions; (2) adding a proteolytic enzyme to the flesh fractions and decomposing proteins contained in the flesh fractions through an enzyme reaction, to obtain an enzymatic reactant; and (3) deactivating the proteolytic enzyme contained in the enzymatic reactant to obtain a composition A.

Abstract: An amino acid and/or a peptide are orally administrated to a neonatal ruminant whose fermenting function of the rumen has not yet developed thereby effecting a significant increase in the accumulation of fat between the muscle fibers as well as increase of the fattening effect during the fattening period.

Abstract: Optically active tryptophan of high purity can be obtained in high yields from a tryptophan fermentation broth, using crystallization of optically active tryptophan hydrochloride in combination with concurrent neutralization crystallization. According to the present invention, optically active tryptophan from a tryptophan containing fermentation broth, is carried out by (a) removing cells from the fermentation broth, adding hydrochloric acid, or a mixture of hydrochloric acid and an inorganic salt which contains chloride ions, to the cell-free broth to effect crystallization, (b) separating optically active tryptophan hydrochloride, (c) dissolving the optically active tryptophan hydrochloride, and (d) subjecting the resulting solution and an alkali solution to concurrent neutralization crystallization, maintaining a pH of the crystallization solution in the range of from 3 to 8.

Abstract: A biological process for producing a 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside from 2',3'-dideoxyuridine is disclosed. the 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside can be purified readily using a porous nonpolar resin adsorbent.

Abstract: A biological process for producing a 2',3'-dideoxyncleoside from 2',3'-dideoxyuridine is disclosed. The 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside can be purified readily using a porous nonpolar resin adsorbent.

Abstract: A method for separating leucine from a mixture of amino acids containing at least leucine and isoleucine, which comprises subjecting an aqueous solution of a mixture of amino acids to centrifugal force, and forcing by the application of pressure a water-saturated organic solvent immiscible with water to pass through the aqueous solution against the centrifugal force, to selectively extract leucine in said water-saturated organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for refining phenylalanine, in which a phenylalanine solution containing tyrosine as the main impurity and other impurities is contacted with a non-polar, highly porous synthetic adsorbent, adsorbing phenylalanine on the adsorbent selectively, and eluting and recovering the adsorbed phenylalanine, is disclosed.

Abstract: Antibiotic neplanocin A of the formula ##STR1## is produced by culturing Ampullariella sp. A 11079 FERM-P No. 4494 in a nutrient medium and then separating the neplanocin A thus produced from the culture medium.

Abstract: Aminoglycoside antibiotic G-367-2 believed to have the formula ##STR1## is produced by culturing Dactylosporangium thailandense G-367 FERM-P No. 4840 in a nutrient medium and separating the produced antibiotic therefrom. It has strong antibacterial effect against Gram negative bacteria.

Abstract: Neplanocin-B and -F of the formula ##STR1## in which Y is oxygen or a valence bond, are produced by culturing Ampullariella sp. A 11079 FERM-P No. 4494 in a nutrient medium and then separating the neplanocin-B and -F thus produced from the culture medium.

Abstract: Aminoglycoside antibiotic G-367-1 believed to have the formulae ##STR1## is produced by culturing Dactylosporangium thailandense G-367 FERM-P No. 4840 in a nutrient medium and separating the produced antibiotic therefrom. It has strong antibacterial effect against Gram negative bacteria.

Abstract: A novel microorganism species belonging to the genus Micromonospora, i.e. Micromonospora sp. A 11725 is found to be capable of producing novel macrolide antibiotics A 11725 I, A 11725 II and A 11725 III. Novel antibiotics A 11725 Ia and A 11725 IIa are also found to be derived by chemical modification of the antibiotics A 11725 I and A 11725 II, respectively. All of these antibiotics or salts thereof exhibit excellent antibacterial and anti-mycoplasmal activities against various microorganisms such as Staphylococcus or Mycoplasma, and therefore useful for various purposes including medicaments.

Abstract: An amino sugar compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## (wherein m is an integer of 0 to 8, n is an integer of 1 to 8 and m+n is an integer of 1 to 8) has strong glycosidase inhibiting action and is produced by culturing an amino sugar compound producing microorganisms belonging to Streptomyces.

Abstract: Antibiotics aculeacin-A.alpha., -A.gamma., -D.alpha. and -D.gamma. are active against yeasts and fungi. They are produced by culturing the microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus NRRL 11270 in a nutrient medium containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen sources.

Abstract: A polypeptide having calcitonin activity of the formula ##EQU1## and the salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable acids.

Abstract: A biological process for producing a 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside from 2',3'-dideoxyuridine is disclosed. The 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside can be purified readily using a porous nonpolar resin absorbent.