Abstract: A processor derives a plurality of unit density values which are each an average value of sensed densities for each of a plurality of unit areas sectioned for each unit length in a test toner image. The processor derives a weighted average of the plurality of unit density values to derive a test image density used for adjusting a control parameter in a printing portion. The unit length is a greatest common factor of two target lengths corresponding to perimeters of two types of target rotating members out of the plurality of rotating members. When a number of the plurality of unit areas is represented by n, n is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from an added value of a first constant and a second constant. The first constant and the second constant are values obtained by respectively dividing the two target lengths by the unit length.

Abstract: A toner concentration sensing apparatus includes a first acquisition processing portion, a second acquisition processing portion, and a third acquisition processing portion. The first acquisition processing portion acquires a first sensing value corresponding to light reflected by a first region of an image-carrying member where a toner image is not formed. The second acquisition processing portion acquires a second sensing value corresponding to light reflected by a second region of the image-carrying member where a toner image has been formed. The third acquisition processing portion acquires a component ratio of a component in the second sensing value, that corresponds to light reflected by toner adhered onto a surface of the image-carrying member, using a specific calculation formula determined based on a first relational expression based on the first sensing value and a second relational expression not based on the first sensing value, and the second sensing value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes first to third adjustment processing portions. The first adjustment processing portion adjusts an emission light amount of a light-emitting portion of a first sensor based on an electric signal output from a light-receiving portion of the first sensor and corresponding to regular reflection light reflected by a non-toner-adhering surface of an image-carrying member. The second adjustment processing portion adjusts an operation condition of an image forming portion based on a toner concentration of a first toner image in a specific color, that has a concentration smaller than a predetermined saturation concentration. The third adjustment processing portion adjusts an emission light amount of a light-emitting portion of a second sensor based on an electric signal output from a light-receiving portion of the second sensor and corresponding to diffuse reflection light reflected by a second toner image in the specific color, that has a predetermined reference concentration.

Abstract: A surface modifying method of modifying a bonding surface of a substrate to be bonded to another substrate by plasma of a processing gas includes an adjusting process and a modifying process. In the adjusting process, an amount of moisture in a processing vessel is adjusted by supplying a humidified gas into the processing vessel allowed to accommodate the substrate therein. In the modifying process, the bonding surface of the substrate is modified by forming the plasma of the processing gas in the processing vessel in a state that the amount of moisture in the processing vessel is adjusted.

Abstract: A surface modifying apparatus is configured to modify a bonding surface of a substrate to be bonded to another substrate by plasma of a processing gas. The surface modifying apparatus includes a processing vessel; a measuring unit; and a controller. The processing vessel is configured to accommodate the substrate therein. The measuring unit is configured to measure a value indicating an amount of moisture in the processing vessel. The controller is configured to determine whether or not bonding strength between the substrate and the another substrate, when it is assumed that the substrate modified in the processing vessel is bonded to the another substrate, is good based on the value indicating the amount of moisture in the processing vessel measured by the measuring unit.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a plurality of lens units which move in zooming, and a final lens unit having a positive refractive power, an interval between each pair of adjacent lens units changing in zooming, the plurality of lens units including a lens unit having a negative refractive power, the first lens unit including a negative lens and a positive lens, at least a part of the first lens unit moving for focusing, the first lens unit including a negative lens made of a material satisfying inequalities defined by a refractive index, an Abbe number, and a partial dispersion ratio, and the zoom lens satifying an inequality defined by a maximum value of an Abbe number of at least one positive lens of the first lens unit.

Abstract: The cell transfer device includes a head group including a plurality of heads to which tips are attached and which move along a first direction; a head unit in which the head group is installed and which moves in a second direction and in a third direction; and a plurality of drive motors which are mounted on the head unit and which generate driving force to cause the head to move along the first direction. The plurality of drive motors are separately arranged on one side and the other side in the third direction with the head group provided therebetween. The head group includes a first head and a second head. The first head is driven by the drive motor arranged on the one side in the third direction, and the second head is driven by the drive motor arranged on the other side in the third direction.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a positive first lens unit configured not to move for zooming, at least three movable lens units configured to move for zooming, and a positive final lens unit closest to the image side in lens units and configured not to move for zooming. In the at least three movable lens units, a lens unit closest to the image side has a positive power, and a lens unit second closest to the image side has a negative power. The first lens unit includes a first sub unit closest to the object side and configured not to move for focusing and a second sub unit configured to move for focusing. The final lens unit includes a positive lens closest to the image side in elements having a refractive power in the final lens unit. Predetermined inequalities are satisfied.

Abstract: The cell handling device includes a container having a section to store cells; a cell detection unit for detecting a cell stored in the section; a head device for conducting picking of cells, and transfer and release of the picked cells; a control unit; and a determination unit for making a determination of a cell state including at least one of the number, properties, and arrangement of the cells based on a detection result of the cell detection unit. The control unit causes the head device to execute, according to a state determination result obtained by the determination unit, one operation selected from among operation of picking all the cells stored in the section, operation of picking a part of the cells stored in the section, operation of picking a new cell and releasing the cell in the section, and operation of terminating processing of the section.

Abstract: A lens apparatus includes zoom lens units configured to move in an optical axis direction for zooming, and a correction lens unit configured to move in the optical axis direction to correct change in a focal position due to change in an atmospheric pressure. The lens apparatus satisfies an inequality 0.4<|fair_t/fw|<6 where fair_t is a composite focal length of an air lens included in one of the zoom lens units having a smallest absolute value of the composite focal length among the zoom lens units and fw is a focal length of the lens apparatus at a wide-angle end.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a plurality of lens units which move in zooming, and a final lens unit having a positive refractive power, an interval between each pair of adjacent lens units changing in zooming, the plurality of lens units including a lens unit having a negative refractive power, the first lens unit including a negative lens and a positive lens, at least a part of the first lens unit moving for focusing, the first lens unit including a negative lens made of a material satisfying inequalities defined by a refractive index, an Abbe number, and a partial dispersion ratio, and the zoom lens satifying an inequality defined by a maximum value of an Abbe number of at least one positive lens of the first lens unit.

Abstract: An image capturing system includes a camera unit that captures an image of a cell; a display unit; an input unit that receives input from an operator regarding a selection operation on the cell; an analyzing unit that analyzes the image corresponding to the cell to which the selection operation is given and extracts a feature amount of the cell; and a specifying unit that specifies a recommended cell. The specifying unit sets a parameter that defines a range of the cell to be selected based on the feature amount of the cell to which the selection operation is given up to a first time point. In an image including the cell obtained by image capturing at a second time point later than the first time point, the specifying unit specifies the recommended cell on which the operator is prompted to make a selection based on the parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a plastic optical fiber (POF) core diameter measuring method and a POF core diameter measuring apparatus, and a POF defect detecting method, and a POF defect detecting apparatus used therefor. Light irradiation mechanisms are provided for irradiating a side of a POF with light, with imaging mechanisms provided on the opposite side of the POF from the light irradiation mechanisms; and a data processing mechanism for processing image data on the POF acquired from the imaging mechanisms to calculate the core diameter of the POF. The ratio (D/W) of the shortest distance D to a light emission width W is in the range of 0.9 to 1.3 where W is the light emission width of the light irradiation mechanisms and D is the shortest distance between a light emission position of the light irradiation mechanisms and the side of the POF.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, from an object side a first lens unit (a positive refractive power) configured not to move for zooming, two or more intermediate lens units configured to move in zooming, and a rear lens unit (a positive refractive power), wherein an interval between each pair of adjacent lens units changes in zooming, the first lens unit includes, from the object side, a first lens subunit (a negative refractive power) configured not to move for focusing, a second lens subunit (a positive refractive power) configured to move for focusing, and a third lens subunit (a positive refractive power), the zoom lens satisfies specific inequalities concerning a focal length of the first lens unit, a length on an optical axis from a last surface to a rear principal point of the first lens unit, and a focal length of the zoom lens at a telephoto end.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side, a positive first lens unit configured not to move for zooming, two or more intermediate lens units configured to move for zooming, and a positive rear lens unit. A distance between each pair of adjacent lens units changes for zooming. The first lens unit includes, in order from the object side, a negative first sub lens unit configured not to move for focusing, a positive second sub lens unit configured to move for focusing, and a positive third sub lens unit. Specific conditional expressions are satisfied with respect to a focal length and a thickness of the first lens unit, focal lengths of the zoom lens at a wide angle end and a telephoto end, a backfocus, and a focal length of the first sub lens unit.

Abstract: A cell transfer device transfers cells from a transfer source dish to wells of a microplate. The cell transfer device includes a camera unit for acquiring condition information such as an area of the cells by imaging the dish holding the cells; a head to which a tip that picks up the cells is attached and which transfers the picked up cells to the wells; and a control unit which controls operation of the head. The control unit refers to the cell condition information acquired by the camera unit and causes the head to transfer cells to at least two wells among the plurality of wells provided in the microplate so that the cells are housed in a state under the same condition.

Abstract: A zoom lens including, in order from an object side, a positive first unit configured not to be moved for zooming, a negative second unit configured to be moved for zooming, a positive third unit configured to be moved for zooming, a zooming lens group including a lens unit and configured to be moved for zooming, and a positive unit configured not to be moved for zooming, wherein the third unit includes positive and negative lenses, the second and third units move to an image side for zooming from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, and focal lengths at the wide-angle end and the telephoto end, a zoom ratio, a space between the second unit third units and is maximum in a zoom range from the telephoto end to a predetermined focal length, and a space between the second third units at the telephoto end are properly set.

Abstract: An image capturing system includes a camera unit capable of performing first image capturing to capture an image of a cell before transfer work is performed and second image capturing to capture the image of the cell after the transfer work; a determination unit configured to make a first determination to determine whether to select the cell based on selection criterion data from the image captured by the first image capturing and a second determination to determine whether to select the cell from the image captured by the second image capturing; a storage unit configured to store the selection criterion data; and a correction unit configured to update the selection criterion data stored in the storage unit to make the first determination and the second determination about the cell identical to each other in a subsequent determination when the first determination and the second determination have different determination results.

Abstract: A cell transfer device includes a head with a tip attached to a lower end; a control unit that performs a suction operation of causing the tip to suck a cell by controlling an operation of the head; and an input unit that can input information to the control unit. The input unit receives, as suction control information, at least one of first information regarding a mode of containers, second information regarding a culture medium, and third information regarding the cell. When performing the suction operation, the control unit controls a movement amount of the tip in an up-and-down direction, and/or a suction amount of sucking the cell and the culture medium from a suction hole into the tip based on the suction control information.

Abstract: An image capturing system includes a camera unit that captures an image of a cell; a display unit; an input unit that receives input from an operator regarding a selection operation on the cell; an analyzing unit that analyzes the image corresponding to the cell to which the selection operation is given and extracts a feature amount of the cell; and a specifying unit that specifies a recommended cell. The specifying unit sets a parameter that defines a range of the cell to be selected based on the feature amount of the cell to which the selection operation is given up to a first time point. In an image including the cell obtained by image capturing at a second time point later than the first time point, the specifying unit specifies the recommended cell on which the operator is prompted to make a selection based on the parameter.