Abstract: A position detection device, a position detection method, a position detection control device, a position detection control method, a position detection control program, an access authentication device, an access authentication method, an access authentication control device, an access authentication control method, an access authentication control program, an information storage device, and an optical disk are provided, all of which make it possible to prevent illegal copying of the information recorded in a recording medium. An information recording/playback device detects the position on an optical disk of an RFID tag provided to the optical disk, and writes the detected position on the optical disk of the RFID tag into the RFID tag as the position information.

Abstract: To provide an optical disk and an optical disk reproducing device capable of preventing sub information from being illegally copied and altered. An optical disk includes an optical disk substrate preliminarily provided with concave/convex recording marks in order to record the main information; and a reflection film which covers the optical disk substrate and of the which reflection coefficient is changed by irradiating laser light at or above a certain intensity, in which the reflection film is preliminarily provided with additional marks for recording the sub information by changing the reflection coefficient of the reflection film on a region where the concave/convex recording marks are formed and the sub information is recorded for every predetermined recording unit for recording the main information and the laser light at or above the certain intensity is irradiated onto the region where the sub information is recorded to thereby reproduce the main information and delete the sub information as well.

Abstract: A management server has: an identification-information reproducing unit which reproduces identification information from an optical disk; an invalid-unit intrinsic-information registration section which registers the reproduced identification information; and a restriction-lifting decision section which decides, on the basis of the registered identification information and unit intrinsic information given intrinsically to every recording unit, whether the identification information can be recorded on a master optical disk.

Abstract: An object is to achieve both the safety and convenience in authentication of an object to be authenticated which is required in various situations. An authentication system (900) includes a first authentication information transmitting device (901) having first authentication information, a second authentication information transmitting device (904) having second authentication information, and an authentication section (905) for authenticating a user or authority of the user. The second authentication information transmitting device (904) sends the second authentication information in only a period during which it receives the first authentication information sent from the first authentication information transmitting device (901). The authentication section (905) receives the second authentication information sent from the second authentication information transmitting device (904), and authenticates the user or the authority of the user based on the second authentication information.

Abstract: An optical disk is provided that disables reproduction of sub-information even if the sub-information as a contents encryption key is recorded entirely onto another optical disk. Sub-information is recorded on the optical disk by deforming a recording mark slightly in accordance with a pseudo random number sequence that is obtained using as an initial value medium ID that is read out medium inherent information. This allows sub-information inherent in a medium to be recorded, and even if the sub-information is duplicated entirely to another optical disk, the illegally duplicated sub-information cannot be reproduced because of a difference in initial value of a pseudo random number sequence between media.

Abstract: An information recording medium for recording main information and auxiliary information is provided. The auxiliary information is recorded on the information recording medium in a manner that edge positions of the pits or the recording marks indicating the main information are shifted either in a phase advancing direction or in a phase delaying direction along the track direction. A predetermined frequency is used to determine whether the edge position is shifted in the phase advancing direction or in the phase delaying direction in order to record the auxiliary information. The predetermined frequency is substantially consistently lower than ½ of a reference frequency of a recording clock for creating the pits or the recording marks and is higher than a response frequency of a PLL for generating a reproduction clock for reproducing the main information.

Abstract: There is provided a program reservation recording device capable of reducing load on a server and performing program recording as is reserved by a user. Immediately before the reserved program is started and immediately before the end of it (S1), the program reservation recording device makes a request to an information providing server connected via a general-purpose network so as to acquire the latest program list (S2). The program reservation recording device compares the reservation information indicating the program reservation contents (start time, end time, etc.) to be stored in a memory with the latest program list acquired (S3). If any mismatch is present, the reservation information is updated according to the program list (S4).

Abstract: An optical disk is provided that disables reproduction of sub-information even if the sub-information as a contents encryption key is recorded entirely onto another optical disk. Sub-information is recorded on the optical disk by deforming a recording mark slightly in accordance with a pseudo random number sequence that is obtained using as an initial value medium ID that is read out medium inherent information. This allows sub-information inherent in a medium to be recorded, and even if the sub-information is duplicated entirely to another optical disk, the illegally duplicated sub-information cannot be reproduced because of a difference in initial value of a pseudo random number sequence between media.

Abstract: An equipment management system is provided in which: two exchangeable record-medium recording units and an exchangeable record-medium regeneration unit are connected via an in-house network, so that they can communicate with each other; and one of these pieces of equipment is master equipment which manages resource information on the pieces of equipment, and the other pieces of equipment are slave equipment which is controlled by the master equipment.

Abstract: A digital work (102) and copyright management information (103) for the digital work are recorded on an information recording medium (101) by altering a shape, a position or a pattern (104, 105) of recording mark edges of the digital work. Alternatively, a decryption key for the right management information is recorded on an information recording medium on which the copyright management information has been recorded encrypted, by altering the recording mark edges of the copyright management information. Alternatively, a check code for the copyright management information is recorded on the information recording medium by altering the recording mark edges. The check code is checked when the copyright management information is read, thus detecting illegal use of the copyright management information.

Abstract: An optical disc recording apparatus (1) includes a system control unit (14) that judges whether main information and sub information which is recorded by being superimposed on said main information, relocates and records the main information or the sub information, or the main information and the sub information in a replacement area, when it is judged to be a defective area, and registers information in a defect management area in the optical disc, the information associating the defective area with the replacement area to which said defective area is relocated.

Abstract: An optical storage medium can be provided by which illegal usage of the optical storage medium involving an infringement on the copyright can be prevented effectively without impairment of the functions for reproducing physical format information and optical storage medium manufacturing information. The optical storage medium includes a main information region in which encrypted data information is recorded as a pit row that is capable of being read out by means of light and a control data region. In the control data region, key information for decoding the encryption of the data information, the physical format information and the optical storage medium manufacturing information are recorded by wobbling a groove.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dental equipment for treating a root canal. According to the present invention, two input signals with different frequencies are superposed. The difference between impedances corresponding to the two different frequencies at a given position in the root canal where the impedances hardly vary, is obtained. This value and a clinically determined value are used to detect the desired position in the root canal.